2000 ans de colmatage du port antique de Fréjus (Forum Julii), France : une double métamorphose littorale |
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Authors: | Guénaëlle Bony Christophe Morhange Hélène Bruneton Pierre Carbonel Chérine Gébara |
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Institution: | aCEREGE CNRS UMR 6635, Aix-Marseille université, Europôle Méditerranéen de l’Arbois, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, cedex 04, France;bEPOC-OASU CNRS UMR 5805, université Bordeaux-1, avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence cedex, France;cService départemental d’archéologie, conseil général du Var, Le Clos de la Tour, 17, rue Gustave-Bret, 83300 Fréjus, France |
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Abstract: | The ancient harbour of Fréjus, located in a Holocene ria, has been the subject of a research program in archaeology and, notably with regards to the sedimentary environment at its foundation. A core was extracted in the middle of the basin of Fréjus harbour. The objective is to understand the paleogeographical evolution of the pre-harbour and Roman harbour environments. The sedimentological and biostratigraphical proxies enabled us to: (1) confirm Texier's (1849) hypothesis in which the pre-harbour environment comprised a marine bay blocked by an artificial quay (Gébara and Morhange, 2010). Excoffon et al., 2006 and Devillers et al., 2007, demonstrate the presence of a rocky coast (butte Saint-Antoine), at the time of the harbour's foundation, which it has been progressively transformed into a sandy coast due to the sedimentary input of Argens delta. This study permitted: (2) to confirm the date of foundation of Fréjus’ harbor; and (3) to show different phases of protection. Indeed, the harbour facies attests to a euryhaline lagoon (B1 and B3) which was gradually transformed into a freshwater lake (B4) due to the progradation of the Argens. Low sedimentation rates (ca. 0.5 mm/year), between the end of the last century BC until seventh century AD is consistent with the dredging of the harbour basin. |
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Keywords: | Mots clé s: Port antique Progradation deltaï que Palé o-environnement Palé o-risque littoral Gé oarché ologie Fré jus Provence France |
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