北京城市社会区分析

自从1984年中国实施城市改革以来，城市土地市场和住房市场建立已经对城市的社会空间结构产生重要影响。作者利用1998年北京街道一级调查数据进行城市社会区分析。结果显示，经济社会和种族状况具有一定的影响，但并没有发挥重要的作用。土地利用强度在形成新的城市社会空间结构过程中发挥了关键的作用。与家庭状况相关的流动人口状况也表现为非常强劲的影响。北京的社会区表明：土地利用强度分布呈同心圆模型，家庭分布形态具有扇形结构的特征；社会经济状态因子分布形态既表现了同心圆的特征，也具有扇形结构的特点；种族因子的空间分布形成了一种多核空间结构。

Study on Urban Social Areas in Beijing

The urban reforms in China in 1984 introduced an urban land market and a housing market to Chinese cities and had profound impacts on urban structures. Using data from a 1998 survey and other sources in Beijing at the subdistrict level, this research found that differentiations of social areas were taking place in Beijing. Unlike western cities with the socioeconomic status and the family status as dominant forces in forming social areas, Beijing just began to experience the impact of differentiation of socioeconomic status, and the family structure factor was ineffective in Beijing due to decades of family planning. Factor analysis revealed four factors that underlay the social spatial structure in Beijing: (1) land use intensity as the dominant factor displaying a concentric zonal pattern; (2) neighborhood dynamics, mainly composed of the floating population ratio, featuring a sectoral pattern; (3) socioeconomic status exhibiting a combination of sectoral and zonal patterns, and (4) ethnicity resembling a multiple nuclei pattern. Superimposing the four factors generated a complex urban mosaic in Beijing.