华北土地利用十年动态特征分析

以遥感与GIS为技术支撑,分析华北地区十年的土地利用动态特征。华北地区耕地增加,以旱地为主,主要分布于河北、河南;林草地减少,尤其是草地的减少集中于内蒙古,表现为耕地大量占用草地;城镇增加迅速,主要表现在城镇用地占用耕地,以农村居民点发展快;华北土地利用转换以耕地变城镇、农村居民点与工矿用地为主。按土地利用变化分区,华北处于两个区:黄淮海耕地-城镇转换区,主要表现在河北旱地变为农村居民点,河南、北京、天津旱地变城镇。华北、黄土高原农牧交错带草地-耕地转换区,集中在内蒙古草地变耕地。从两个时间段看,华北土地利用20世纪80年代末到90年代中期耕地增加速度明显大于华北土地利用90年代中期到90年代末。华北土地利用90年代中期到90年代末城乡、居民工矿用地面积的增加幅度比华北土地利用80年代末到90年代中快。

An Analysis on Land Use Dynamics in Huabei Region During Recent Ten Years

Human interventions in natural systems have resulted in large changes in vegetation composition and distribution pattern The Land Use Change and Cover (LUCC) study under the International Geosphere Biosphere Program(IGBP) is a major initiative in this regard Land use change plays an important role in global change This paper dynamically monitors status of land use change in Huabei region from 1980s to 2000 based on RS &; GIS The data are extracted from LANDSAT TM image From these data, the type of land use is decided on basis of the interactive MGE environment To diminish the geometry error of the image, we adopt the processing method of Least-Square As for pixel sampling method, we adopt the method of Nearest Neighbour Interpolation or Bilinear Interpolation After the image processing, the maximum geometry errors are 2-3 pixels The task of image classification is mainly taken on by experts with the help of relief map, navigation photo etc.;thus landuse coverage could be acquired Huabei region is central of policy, agriculture in china This paper analyzes land use dynamics during latest 10 years in Huabei region based on RS and GIS The results show: there is a lot of farmlands in huabei region, covering 27 35%; Grassland major distributes in Inner Mongolia; the farmland is increasing, especially in dry land; forest and grassland is decreasing;and urban increases rapidly The shifting of farmland to urban is main land change in this region, accounting for 43 63% farmland change,especially in Beijing The grassland shifting farmland is another land use change in Huabei region, which main happens in Inner Mongolia According to land use dynamic zone, Huabei locates in two zones: one is Huanghuaihai farmland shifting urban, which shows that dry land is changing into county The other is ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry, which focuses in Inner Mongolia From the time view, the rate of farmland increasing during 80s to 90s was faster than during 90s to end 90s’.