土壤和沉积物中NOM稳定性矿物学机制研究的理论与方法

土壤和沉积物中天然有机质(NOM)稳定性问题受到关注,主要是因为NOM的稳定性直接影响到大气中CO2的平衡与全球气候变化。此外,天然有机质还影响着土壤和沉积物中矿物的表面反应性、污染物的环境行为与生物有效性。因此,本综述在详细介绍土壤和沉积物中NOM稳定性矿物学机制研究的理论与方法的同时,也简略介绍了NOM的组成结构与反应性,并着重强调NOM/矿物微界面过程作用机制的重要性。许多研究表明,土壤和沉积物中NOM稳定性的矿物学机制主要包括矿物表面吸附和物理包裹。本综述目的是,介绍矿物保护的稳定NOM的分离、特性及其分析测定方法与技术,并且强调NOM稳定性矿物学保护机制系统性研究的重要性,以搞清矿物学保护机制在土壤和沉积物中NOM稳定保持中的贡献与重要性以及矿物学保护机制对天然有机质稳定性的调控作用,从而提高对土壤和沉积物环境生态的地球化学、矿物学的认识水平。

The theories and methods for study of mineralogical mechanisms of NOM stability in soils and sediments

The stability of natural organic matter(NOM)in soils and sediments is of interest mainly because it is directly related to CO2 emission(green house gas)to the atmosphere and the global climate change.Moreover,NOM can affect chemical reactions on mineral surface and the behavior of environmental contaminants and their bioavailability.This review summarizes the composition,structure and surface reactivity of NOM in soils and sediments,and theories and methods for the study of mineralogical mechanisms of NOM stabilization.The major emphasis is placed on the importance of sportive mechanisms of micro-interface interaction between NOM and minerals.Many research results show that the mineralogical mechanisms of NOM stabilization mainly include both mineral surface sorption and physical inclusion.The objectives of this review were:(i)to introduce the methods and techniques of phase separation,analysis,and characterization of the mineral-protected NOM in soils and sediments;(ii)to stress the importance of systematic study of mineralogical protection of NOM in understanding the role and mechanisms of minerals in stabilizing NOM in soils and sediments,and(iii)to improve our understanding of geochemistry and mineralogy of soils and sediments of environmental and ecological systems.