Holocene and Pleistocene pluvial periods in Yemen,southern Arabia |
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| Authors: | Dominik Fleitmann Stephen J Burns Marek Pekala Augusto Mangini Abdulkarim Al-Subbary Mohammad Al-Aowah Jan Kramers Albert Matter |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Geology, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany;2. Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany;3. Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology, Fahrenheitstr. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany;4. Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz Center Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany;1. The Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;2. Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, PO Box 1000, Palisades, NY 10964-8000, USA;3. Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 E. 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;2. Saudi Geological Survey, P.O.Box 54141, Jeddah 21514, Saudi Arabia;3. Natural History Museum Bern, Bernastrasse 15, 3005 Bern, Switzerland;4. Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 23b, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;5. Institut für Geosysteme und Bioindikation, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany;6. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | Arabia is an important potential pathway for the dispersal of Homo sapiens (“out of Africa”). Yet, because of its arid to hyper-arid climate humans could only migrate across southern Arabia during pluvial periods when environmental conditions were favorable. However, knowledge on the timing of Arabian pluvial periods prior to the Holocene is mainly based on a single and possibly incomplete speleothem record from Hoti Cave in Northern Oman. Additional terrestrial records from the Arabian Peninsula are needed to confirm the Hoti Cave record. Here we present a new speleothem record from Mukalla Cave in southern Yemen. The Mukalla Cave and Hoti Cave records clearly reveal that speleothems growth occurred solely during peak interglacial periods, corresponding to Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1 (early to mid-Holocene), 5.1, 5.3, 5.5 (Eemian), 7.1, 7.5 and 9. Of these humid periods, highest precipitation occurred during MIS 5.5 and lowest during early to middle Holocene. |
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