The occurrence of distal Icelandic and Italian tephra in the Lateglacial of Lake Bled,Slovenia |
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| Authors: | Christine S Lane Maja Andrič Victoria L Cullen Simon PE Blockley |
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| Institution: | 1. Research Laboratory for Archaeology, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom;2. Institute of Archaeology, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Novi trg 2, P.B. 306, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia;3. Centre for Quaternary Research, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom;1. Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX Surrey, UK;2. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland;3. Institute of Archaeology, University of Wroc?aw, ul. Szewska 48, 50-139 Wroc?aw, Poland;4. Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK;5. Faculty of Humanities (Archaeology), Building 65A, Avenue Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BF, UK;6. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada;1. Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK;2. Department of Geography & Environment, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, UK;3. Department of Archaeology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, UK;4. School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen''s University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK;5. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada;6. SUERC Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride G75 0QF, UK;7. U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Centre, 4210 University Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508-4626, USA;1. Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, UK;2. Department of Geography, University of Portsmouth, Buckingham Building, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth PO1 3HE, UK;1. GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.2 – Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany;2. Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, BIK-F, TSP6 Evolution and Climate, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt a.M., Germany;3. GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 3.3 – Chemistry and Physics of Earth Materials, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany;4. Faculty of Earth Sciences, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Strulugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland;5. Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, GEOMAR, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany;6. Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Department of Environmental Resources and Geohazards, Kopernika 19, Torun 87-100, Poland;1. Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007, Bergen, Norway;2. Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway;3. Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, CB2 3EN, Cambridge, United Kingdom;1. Department of Geology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;2. Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;3. Department of Geological Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey;4. Instituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli-Osservatorio Vesuviano, Napoli, Italy;5. Department of Earth Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy;6. School of Physical and Geographical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK;7. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Vesuviano, Napoli, Italy;8. Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK;9. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell''Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy;10. Dipartimento di Fisica “E. R. Caianiello”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy;11. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The discovery of sites preserving tephra layers from multiple volcanic centres is key to constructing a single European tephrostratigraphic framework for the Late Quaternary. Until now, the tephrostratigraphy of Europe has been divided into two halves: sites in the North Atlantic and northern Europe regions link the Icelandic, Eifel, and the Massif Central volcanic histories; whilst sites in southern Europe record the sequence of tephra layers produced by circum-Mediterranean volcanic provinces. The missing link, able to tie together these two halves, is found in the tephrostratigraphic record of Lake Bled, Slovenia.Lake Bled, in the Julian Alps, Slovenia, holds a high resolution multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental archive for the Lateglacial of south-central Europe. Cryptotephra investigations have revealed three tephra layers: two closely spaced within Younger Dryas stadial sediments and one shortly after the start of the Bølling-Allerød interstadial warming. Two of the tephra layers (Bld_T120 and Bld_T240) are of Campanian origin and are correlated to deposits of the Pomici Principali (PP) and Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT) eruptions, respectively. The third layer (Bld_T122) correlates to the Icelandic Vedde Ash (VA), extending the known fallout of this widespread marker layer farther to the southeast.The Lake Bled record also allows the stratigraphic relationship and relative ages of the VA and the PP eruption to be discerned for the first time. Whilst existing numerical age estimates for these two deposits are indistinguishable within errors, their close occurrence in the same lacustrine sediment sequence shows that the VA was erupted shortly prior to the PP eruption.The tephrostratigraphy of Lake Bled developed here helps us to tie together regional volcanic stratigraphies into a broader, continental-scale lattice of sites, with the potential to allow the transfer of dates between remote sequences and the construction of relative chronologies, beneficial in particular for environmental and archaeological research. |
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