Mauer – the type site of Homo heidelbergensis: palaeoenvironment and age |
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| Authors: | Günther A Wagner Lutz Christian Maul Manfred Löscher H Dieter Schreiber |
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| Institution: | 1. Geographisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 348, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;2. Forschungsstation für Quartärpaläontologie Weimar, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitute und Naturmuseen, Am Jakobskirchhof 4, D-99423 Weimar, Germany;3. Max-Reger-Weg 3, D-69181 Leimen, Germany;4. Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Erbprinzenstraße 13, D-76133 Karlsruhe, Germany;1. CNRS UPR 2147, 44 rue de l’Amiral Mouchez, 75014 Paris, France;2. Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;3. Department of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, Museum Hill, PO Box 40658-00100, Nairobi, Kenya;4. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, Leipzig, Germany;1. Département de Préhistoire, UMR 7194, Muséum national d''Histoire naturelle, 43 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France;2. Unité d''Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Éthique & Santé (ADÉS), UMR 7268, Université d''Aix-Marseille-EFS-CNRS, 13344 Marseille, France;3. Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;4. Sezione di Antropologia, Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico “L. Pigorini”, 00144 Rome, Italy;5. Balai Arkeologi, jl Gedongkuning 174, Kota Gede, 55171 Yogyakarta, Indonesia;6. Department of Anthropology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA;7. Département Géosciences, Université de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers, France;1. Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Ohio University, Bentley Annex 162, Athens, OH, 45701, USA;2. Cleveland Museum of Natural History, 1 Wade Oval Drive, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA;1. CNRS – Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5060, IRAMAT-CRP2A, Maison de l''archéologie, Esplanade des Antilles, 33607 Pessac cedex, France;2. CEA-CNRS, UMR 8212, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l''Environnement, Avenue de la terrasse, bât 12, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvettte, France;3. Groupe des Sciences de la Terre, Laboratoire Pierre Süe, CEN, Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;4. Universität Bern, Institut für Geologie, Baltzerstrasse 1+3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland;5. Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5060, IRAMAT-CRP2A, Maison de l''archéologie, Esplanade des Antilles, 33607 Pessac cedex, France;6. Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany;7. CNRS, UMR 7041-ArScAn-AnTET, Maison de l''Archéologie et de l''Ethnologie, Université de Paris X, 21, allée de l''université, 92023 Nanterre, France;8. Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa;9. PACEA, CNRS Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5199, Avenue des Facultés, 33402 Talence, France;1. Grup de Recerca del Quaternari (GRQ) del Seminari Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques (SERP), Department Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6-8, 08001 Barcelona, Spain;2. Aix-Marseille université, CNRS, UMR 7269, Maison méditerranéenne des sciences de l’homme, BP 647, 5, rue du Château-de-l’Horloge, 13094 Aix-en-Provence, France;1. Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Minist Culture & Com, LAMPEA, Aix-en-Provence, France;2. Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, EPHE, PSL Research University, Biogéosciences, UMR 6282, 21000, Dijon, France;3. Department of Anthropology, 101 Dinwiddie Hall, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA;4. Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa;5. CNRS UMR 5608 TRACES, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, 31058, Toulouse Cedex 9, France;6. Musée national de Préhistoire, 1 rue du Musée, 24620, Les Eyzies-de-Tayac, France;7. CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Minist Culture & Com, PACEA, UMR 5199, 33615, Pessac, France |
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| Abstract: | The mandible of Homo heidelbergensis was found 1907 in the sand pit Grafenrain at Mauer in coarse fluvial sands 24 m below the surface, deposited in a former course of the Neckar River. These ‘Mauer sands’ are overlain by a series of glacial-climate loess deposits with intercalated interglacial palaeosols, which can be correlated with Quaternary climate history, thus indicating an early Middle Pleistocene age for H. heidelbergensis. The ‘Mauer sands’ are famous for their rather rich mammal fauna, which clearly indicates interglacial climate conditions. The faunal evidence – in particular the micromammals – place the ‘Mauer sands’ into MIS 15 or MIS 13 although most stratigraphic arguments favour correlation to MIS 15 and therefore to an age of ca 600 ka. |
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