农村劳动力转移就业的时空路径——以安徽省4个样本村为例

借鉴时间地理学理论与方法,提出农村劳动力转移就业时空路径概念。以安徽省4个样本村为例,使用ArcGIS、SPSS等软件进行数据分析,得出农村劳动力转移就业时空路径的基本类型与特征:① 农村劳动力依据时空路径特征可分为稳定型、逐步稳定型、漂泊不定型、回流型、逐步开拓型、断续型六种类型;② 4个样本村劳动力打工时空路径演化有明显的地域差异;③ 21世纪初期是农村劳动力全面接受打工就业方式的时期,就业行业主要集中在建筑业、制造业、服务业,“老家亲戚、朋友”是最重要的打工媒介;④ 农村劳动力在打工地和家乡间的流动节律有“春节型”、“节假日型”、“休息日型”、“每日型”四种类型;⑤ 农村劳动力转移就业具有明显的空间指向和粘性特征,家乡是重要的结点空间,社会经济地理位置是地域差异形成的重要原因。

The research on rural labor transfer employment space-time path: A case study of four sample villages in Anhui province

Based on the theory and method of time geography, the paper focuses on micro individuals rural labor and puts forward the concept of rural labor transfer employment space-time path. Through a case study of four sample villages in Anhui province, 762 copies of transfer employment process questionnaire were obtained. By using ArcGIS, SPSS software tools for data analysis and exploring the types of space-time path, regional evolution characteristics, space into features, flowing rhythm and space characteristics, the conclusions can be drawn as follows: Firstly, the individual space-time path of rural labor transfer can be divided into six types such as stable type, gradually stable type, etc. Most of the out-migration labors are working relatively stably, but also have a certain mobility attributed to the factors of family, work properties and working place. In addition to the stable employment type, other types in every village has a strong regional differences. Secondly, every village has formed a wide range of radiation transfer employment space with one or two important working places as the core and three types of agglomeration were formed which are home city agglomeration, neighbouring province developed urban agglomeration, remote big city agglomeration. Thirdly, from the space entering perspective, the paper concludes that the beginning of the 21st century is the period in which the rural labors accept the way of transfer employment completely, and they work mainly in the fields of construction, manufacturing and service sector, and “relatives and friends from the same hometowns” is one of the most important working ways. Fourthly, from the perspective of time, the flowing rhythm between rural labor working place and the hometown is divided into four types of “Spring Festival”, “holiday”, “day off”, and “daily”. Shuangzhong village and Tangxu village belong to typical “Spring Festival” type, “day off” type in Zhoulou village and “daily” type in Xianhe village have a larger proportion. Fifthly, the space flow characteristics of rural labor in Anhui province are showed as follows: rural labor transfer employment has three types of space directive properties; very strong viscosity characteristics; and home becomes important node space; social and economic geographical location are the important reasons for the formation of regional differences in rural labor transfer employment. In general, the transfer employment is the rational adaptation of rural labor force to the social and economic environment outside his hometown, the social and economic geographical location and its evolution will directly affect the process of rural labor force employment, and the individual attribute characteristics of labor force will affect its response characteristics. Therefore, the policy should be formulated in accordance with the local social and economic development evolution and labor attributes.