In-situ diurnal sea surface temperature variations and near-surface thermal structure in the tropical hot event of the Indo-Pacific warm pool |
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Authors: | Hiroshi Kawamura Huiling Qin Kentaro Ando |
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Institution: | (1) Center for Atmosphere and Oceanic Studies, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan;(2) Japan Agency of Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan |
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Abstract: | Diurnal Sea Surface Temperature (SST) variations and the near-surface thermal structure of the tropical hot event (HE) have
been investigated using advanced in-situ equatorial observations with hourly temporal resolution. The information on the HE
area defined by the satellite cloud-free SSTs is used to sample the in-situ observations. The in-situ SSTs sampled for the
HE conditions show that a maximum (minimum) SST has a histogram mode at 30.8°C (29.0°C), and frequently appears at 15:00 (07:00)
local time. The amplitude of the diurnal SST variation (DSST) is defined by the difference between the maximum and minimum
SSTs. The mean DSST during HEs is greater than 0.5°C, and has a maximum of about 0.75°C at the HE peak. The time series of
mean DSST gradually increases (rapidly decreases) before (after) the peak. The satellite SST has a systematic positive bias
against the corresponding daytime SST measured by the Triangle Trans-Ocean buoy Network. This bias is enhanced under conditions
of large in-situ DSST. One-dimensional numerical model simulation suggests that the systematic bias is caused by the sharp
vertical temperature gradient in the surface layer of HE. The near-surface thermal structure is generated by conditions of
high insolation and low wind speed, which is the typical HE condition. |
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Keywords: | In-situ diurnal SST variation thermal structure hot event |
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