现代黄河三角洲土地利用变化分析

人类对海岸带的开发利用影响着海岸的变迁。土地利用和土地覆被变化可以说是自然与人文过程交叉最为密切的问题，是人地关系的具体体现。通过对黄河三角洲土地利用变化的研究，可了解人为因素对三角洲海岸带的开发利用状况及其对海岸侵蚀的影响。根据1987年和2001年两期卫星遥感图像和2001年野外调查数据，运用地理信息系统方法及数理统计方法，分析了现代黄河三角洲地区1987年至2001年土地利用／覆被的数量变化和空间变化特征；揭示了该地区各类土地利用数量变化的幅度、速度和土地利用空间变化的主要类型；阐明了该区各类土地利用变化的区域特点。该地区土地利用变化速度比整个环渤海地区速度快，草地、滩地和不明地类这3种类型大量减少，其他类型增多。从变化率来看，养殖区、库塘、油田用地增长最快。库塘、海滩养殖区等类型的增加，滨海草地的减少，使海岸侵蚀加剧。

Changes of Land Uses in the Modern Yellow River Delta

Regional land use by man is an important part of global environmental changes and coast sustainable development,and can cause coast erosion.The modern Yellow River Delta is one of the hot spots in the studies of socio economic development.Using field investigating data and topographic maps,we interpret the 1987 TM image and 2001 ETM+image.Based on the GIS methods,the land use change is analyzed in spatial and temporal aspect.The land use classification falls on ten categories,namely,farm land,forestland,grassland,reservoir,river coverage,land for resident,oil field use,tidal flat,sea cultivated zone and unused land.The land used in agriculture increases greatly,such as farm land and sea farming. The reservoir and oil field use in 2001 almost increased by 10% compared with in 1987,while the unused land,grassland and tidal flat decreased in area.Of all the categories,the sea farming and reservoir areas change fastest.They increased at the rate of 58 39% and 9 03% respectively.As to the spatial change,the noticeable were that the farm land turned to resident,tidal flat turned to sea farming,and grassland turned to farm land.The increase of reservoirs will lead to pumping more river water so that the coast erosion accelerates.The changes of sea farming and coastal grassland are also important factors to the coast erosion.