若尔盖湿地面临的威胁、保护现状及对策分析

若尔盖湿地是中国残存面积最大的高原泥炭沼泽,具有丰富的生物多样性和生态资源。然而长期以来,这片湿地明显萎缩,生态环境极度脆弱,正面临着空前的生态危机。在分析了若尔盖湿地及其生物多样性面临的主要威胁,包括自然因素和人为因素的基础上,总结了若尔盖湿地保护现状,包括建立保护区、加强宣传、开展科研调查活动、以及各种保护项目和工程,并从国家层次、地方层次和保护区层次上提出了有效缓解若尔盖湿地面临威胁的对策。

To Analysis Threats, To Describe Present Conservation Situation and To Provide Management Advices of the Ruoergai Marshes

The Ruoergai marshes are the biggest peat highland in China. It has abundant biodiversity and biological resources. But the marshes have been shrinking obviously for a long time. Its ecological system is weak and faces ecological crisis. Firstly, the main threats of the Ruoergai marshes and its biodiversity, including naturral factors and artificial factors, were analyzed. Natural factors are climate change and desertification and artificial factors are wetland drainage and unsustainable grading activities such as overgrazing and grassland fencing, construction and pollution. Secondly, the present conservation situation in the Ruoerai marshes and its biodiversity were summarized. The government has noticed the degradation of the Ruoergai marshes and would protect it through many ways, such as establishment of several natural reserves, improvement of public awareness, wetland investigation and research to protect wetlands, and so on. Thirdly, solutions were provided at different levels. At national level, to finalize wetlands legislation and develop policy on wetland utilization. At local level, to build effective wetlands management mechanisms, to establish wetland monitoring and information system and to restore wetlands ecosystem; at nature reserve level, to strengthen institutional arrangement for nature reserve management, to cooperate with surrounding communities, to strenthen public awareness function, set compensation system.