干旱区水资源费的构成与确定

干旱区水资源的稀缺性，使得确定缺水地区合理的水价体系，制定有效的水价政策，充分体现水资源的高“价值”，成为合理利用水资源急需解决的问题。从分析水资源费的构成要素，并从边际机会成本的角度对水资源的价格进行了探讨，认为水资源的价格不是由其平均机会成本，而是由其边际机会成本决定的，水资源使用者所付的价格应等于社会负担的自然资源利用与耗竭的代价－边际机会成本。

Constitution and Determination of Water Cost in Arid Area

In order to resolve the problem of rational use of water resource in arid area, we must determine rational water price system, make effective water price policy and embody water resource high value. In the arid area, because of the regional differences in distribution and utilization of water resource and the fragility of ecological environment, the policy of water price must embody economic level, benefit of owner, reasonable distribution among the upper, middle and lower reaches of a river, rational distribution between economic development and environmental protection and flexibility in space, time and water quality.This article analyses the factor of water resource cost and makes an inquiry into the water price from the aspect of marginal opportunity cost. We consider the price of water resource is determined by the marginal opportunity cost. The price that user must pay should equal to the cost which is imposed on the society because of the resource utilization and consumption.