气候大气和海洋的临界时间跨度与非线性作用结构

研究了气候海洋与大气的临界时间跨度及其非线性作用的大致结构。与预报的空间分辩率及系统的非线性强度相联系，气候大气和海洋的临界时间跨度可反映系统可预报的相对时间尺度。对于具有同样空间特征尺度的大气和海洋，海洋的最小临界时间跨度约是大气的9倍（可达数日至数十日）。一般（外源变化缓慢的）气候海洋与大气的一阶非线性越强，其临界时间跨度越小。气候海洋与大气非线性作用的大致结构是：通常与科里奥利力对流体运动的规范作用（如地转运动）有关，非线性作用随纬度增加而减弱。距平流场的切变结构及其沿经向与纬向上强度的比较直接改变气候大气和海洋的非线性作用（比如，向东的距平环流强度与经向环流强度相当时，非线性作用最强），较强的外部驱动（风应力和压弹梯度力）使非线性作用加大等等。

Critical time span and nonlinear action structure of climatic atmosphere and ocean

This paper studies the critical time span and the approximate nonlinear action structure of climatic atmosphere and ocean. The critical time span of the climatic atmosphere and ocean, which is related to the spatial resolution required, the strength of nonlinear action, and the calculation exactness, may represent the relative temporal scale of predictability. As far as the same characteristic spatial scale is concerned, the minimum critical time span of the ocean is about 9 times of that of atmosphere, several days or more. Usually,the stronger the nonlinear action, the shorter the critical time span with smooth changes of external forces.The approximate structure of nonlinear action of climatic atmosphere and ocean is: the nonlinear action decreases usually with increasing latitude, which is related to the role of the Coriolis force in fluid motion (forming geostrophic current); the nonlinear action changes with the anomalous cyclonic or anticyclonic circulation shear, for instance, when the strength of anomalous eastward zonal circulation is comparable to that of anomalous meridional circulation, the nonlinear action is the strongest; wind stress plus gradient forces enhance the nonlinear action, etc..