2001年以来中国旅游景区时空格局演变与景区群形成

2001年中国实行A级旅游景区质量等级评定制度以来,旅游景区数量快速增长。以2001年、2006年、2011年和2016年四个时间截面的中国A级旅游景区数据为基础,运用GIS空间分析方法,对旅游景区时空格局演变进行分析,结果表明：旅游景区空间格局呈现空间分布扩散,区域分异加剧;集聚范围扩张,集聚现象愈加明显;集聚程度增强,京津冀、长三角地区集聚程度最高;高A级景区与全国A级景区的集聚态势基本吻合。旅游景区集聚地区呈现旅游资源依赖、供需双重驱动和核心-边缘结构等特征,据此尝试提出“景区群”概念,以期为中国旅游业生产力布局优化和区域经济发展提供科学参考。

Spatio-temporal evolution of tourist attractions and formation of their clusters in China since 2001

The number of tourist attractions has been growing rapidly since the quality rating system of A-grade tourist attractions was implemented in China since 2001, and the spatial distribution is characterized by obvious expansion, agglomeration and regional differentiation. On the basis of the national A-grade tourist attractions in four time sections (2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016), the spatial and temporal evolutions of tourist attractions are analyzed by adopting GIS spatial analysis methods, such as standard deviation ellipse, kernel density estimation, and nearest neighbor indicator. The results indicate that: (1) the spatial pattern of A-grade tourist attractions presents a diffusion distribution and is highly consistent with the "Hu Huanyong Line"; the center of gravity migrated to the northeast by south in 2001-2016. (2) The agglomeration of A-grade tourist attractions scope expands; the agglomeration phenomenon becomes much more obvious. In 2001, the number of A-grade tourist attractions agglomeration areas was only 4; in 2006 and 2011, with the rapid growth, the number of agglomeration areas increased to 19 and 40, respectively; in 2016, the number increased to 62. (3) The agglomeration degree strengthens; the agglomeration degrees of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and Yangtze River Delta are the highest. Among them, the kernel densities in Beijing and South Jiangsu are more than 100 per 100,000 square meters. (4) The gathering trend of high-grade (4A and 5A) tourist attractions are basically consistent with that of national A-grade tourist attractions. The study also discussed the agglomeration area of A-grade tourist attractions, which presents the characteristic such as the tourism resource dependence, and the dual drivers of supply and demand may be the reasons for A-grade tourist attractions agglomeration. In addition, the agglomeration area of A-grade tourist attractions had the core and edge structure with the similar distance between two adjacent kernel density levels. It is hereby that the concept of ‘tourist attraction cluster’ is put forward in order to further theoretical and systematic research on the spatial and temporal patterns of tourist attractions, and provide the scientific reference for the layout optimization of national tourism productivity and the development of the regional economy in China.