1980—2018年海南岛人类活动强度时空变化特征及其驱动机制

定量评价区域人类活动强度,可反映人与环境关系的变化,为土地利用政策制定和生态环境建设提供科学依据。论文基于1 km分辨率的土地利用/土地覆被数据,从总体变化、空间自相关性及影响因素等方面对海南岛1980—2018年人类活动强度进行分析研究。结果表明：① 2018年,海南岛土地利用/土地覆被类型以林地和耕地为主,分别占研究区总面积的62.85%和25.27%。1980—2018年间,仅有城乡、工矿和居民用地面积出现大幅度增加,其他类型面积均减少,其中耕地和草地减少的面积较大,分别减少397.81 km²和303.02 km²。② 1980年海南岛人类活动强度为10.54%,2018年达到12.86%,增长了22.01%。2000年以前基本保持不变,2010年以后增长迅速。③ 近40 a间海南岛人类活动强度空间分布格局具有四周高、中间低的特点,并具有显著的空间集聚特征,人类活动强度变化热点地区主要集中在海口市、三亚市等城市建设迅速地区。④ 海南岛人类活动强度主要受政府政策、人口增长、经济发展等因素的驱动。

Spatiotemporal characteristics of human activity intensity and its driving mechanism in Hainan Island from 1980 to 2018

Quantitative assessment of regional human activity intensity can reflect the relationship between people and environment, which can provide a scientific basis for landuse-related decision making and eco-environment construction. Based on the land use/land cover data with 1 km resolution, we quantitatively evaluated the spatial-temporal features of human activity intensity in Hainan Island from 1980 to 2018. On this basis, we analyzed the overall change and spatial correlation of human activity intensity and explored its driving mechanism. The results showed that: 1) The main types of land use were woodland and farmland in the study area in 2018, accounting for 62.85% and 25.27%, respectively. Only bulit-up land increased sharply, and areas of all other land use types reduced from 1980 to 2018. The areal reductions of farmland and grassland were the largest and the decreases were 397.81 km² and 303.02 km², respectively. 2) Human activity intensity gradually increased from 10.54% (1980) to 12.86% (2018), risen by 22.01%. Before 2000, it was relatively stable and after that, it grew fast. 3) The spatial distribution of human activity intensity was high in the coastal areas and low in the central part of the island. Human activity intensity showed significant spatial agglomeration effect and the hotspots were concentrated mainly in areas of rapid urban development, such as Haikou City and Sanya City. 4) The human activity intensity in Hainan Island was mainly driven by government policy, rapid population growth, economic development, and so on.