东京都市圈人口变迁与产业重构特征研究

作为一种新的城市功能地域形态,都市圈是城镇化发展到一定阶段的产物。论文以东京都市圈为研究对象,借助人口密集地区(Densely Inhabited District,DID)、人口净迁入率、产业区位商、空间基尼系数等指标,系统梳理20世纪60年代以来东京都市圈人口集疏格局演化、人口流动时空变迁以及产业结构转换和空间重组特征。研究表明,从人口集疏格局来看,东京都市圈人口分布逐渐从“孤岛式集聚”走向“连绵式展开”,但核心辐射范围仍集中于50 km半径内,此外,DID人口集聚趋势持续强化。从人口流动格局来看,东京都市圈始终表现出强大的人口集聚态势,成为日本人口困境中的一枝独秀,内部大规模郊区化基本结束,“都心回归”趋势明显。从产业结构调整来看,东京都市圈三产比重持续上升、二产比重大幅下滑、第一产业持续萎缩,已逐步实现从工业主导向服务业主导转变。从产业空间重组来看,东京都市圈逐步形成梯度发展、阶层趋于固化的产业空间结构,服务业和高附加值轻工业中心集聚,技术密集型重工业外围布局。

Population distribution and industrial evolution of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area

As a spatial organization form of urban functional area, metropolitan area is the product of urbanization at a certain stage. Taking the Tokyo Metropolitan Area as a case study area and based on the index of densely inhabited district (DID), population net immigration rate, and industrial location quotient and spatial Gini coefficient, this study systematically reviewed the evolution of population distribution, population migration patterns, industrial structure transformation, and spatial reorganization since the 1960s in the region. The conclusions are as follows: First, the population distribution in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area has gradually changed from "isolated concentration" to "spreading diffusion", but the core radiation range is still within the radius of 50 km. According to the index of DID, the metropolitan area of Tokyo is characterized by large-scale and high-density population concentration, and the trend of concentration continues to be strong. Second, population inflow of three metropolitan areas in Japan changed from simultaneous growth to differentiation, and the Tokyo Metropolitan Area has always shown a strong trend of population agglomeration, with characteristics of unipolar concentration. Internally, suburbanization has basically ended, and a return to the centers is obvious. Third, the proportion of tertiary industry continues to rise, the proportion of secondary industry declines significantly, and the primary industry gradually shrinks. Although the proportion of the secondary industry has gradually declined, its status as an important production area of the national economy has not changed. Finally, from the center to the periphery, the tertiary industry, the secondary industry, and the primary industry are distributed in turn. The industrial structure adjustment and spatial reorganization in the metropolitan area happened at the same time and from the center to the periphery the value chain of industries changes from high to low. The advanced producer services and urban industries are concentrated in central areas, while technology-intensive heavy industries are located in peripheral areas.