国家城镇生态环境综合监测技术体系构建

近年来,我国城镇突出的生态环境问题受到社会广泛关注,作为生态环境保护工作的重要组成部分,随着城镇化的快速发展,城镇生态环境监测任务也越来越重、要求越来越高,对结合空间信息的天地一体综合监测的需求非常迫切,急需建立其技术体系,以指导城镇生态环境综合监测工作的开展。本文面向城镇生态环境综合监测的需求,从城镇污染气体、水体水质、生态资源3个方面出发,通过梳理城镇生态环境综合监测中的关键科学技术问题,结合开展的关键技术攻关研究,经过分析论证,构建了城镇生态环境综合监测技术体系框架、指标体系框架以及标准体系框架。在此基础上,根据遥感数据特点及国家生态环境监测需求,提出城镇生态环境综合监测业务应用方案,为国家和省市地方下一步有效开展城镇生态环境监测、管理等工作提供重要指导和支撑。

Construction of Technical System for National Urban Ecological Environment Comprehensive Monitoring

More and more people have paid attention to the severe problems of urban ecological environment in recent years, such as air pollution in key urban agglomerations, water pollution, urban black and odorous water, risk of drinking water source, urban heat island, soil pollution, municipal solid waste, and so on. As a vital part of environment protection, with the rapid urbanization, the monitoring of urban ecological environment is becoming more and more important and the demand is getting higher and higher. Many studies have documented the monitoring of urban ecological environment at home and abroad, however, these works are discrete and unsystematic. There is a lack of general technical system in China, including key technology system, index system, and technical standards. The integrated space and ground monitoring is very urgent and necessary, and it is badly need to establish its technical system to guide and normalize the development of comprehensive monitoring of urban ecological environment. Given the national demand, this work (1) designs and constructs the technical system framework, index system framework, and standard system framework of urban ecological environment comprehensive monitoring from three aspects: urban polluted gas, water quality, and ecological resource; (2) puts forward the series concerned key technologies, gives the current monitoring status and accuracy of main indies of urban ecological environment; (3) on the untangling basis of key science problems, in combination with the characteristics of remote sensing data and the needs of national ecological environment monitoring, the study subsequently designs the operational application scheme of ecological environment comprehensive monitoring, gives the main monitoring emphasis of urban polluted gas, water quality, and ecological resource, plots the application scheme which includes the region demonstration, application products and services based on the constructed information service platform of urban ecological environment comprehensive monitoring, and provides the application examples of theme maps of PM2.5, urban black and odorous water, and urban island effect. The work will provide important support for the state and local government monitoring and management in urban ecological environment.