青藏高原大骨节病流行区环境、食物及人群硒水平研究

为了解青藏高原大骨节病流行区环境、食物及人群硒水平的分布现状,论文通过CNKI、Web of Science和Google Scholar等数据库检索收集了2000—2018年间发表的关于青藏高原大骨节病病区土壤、粮食、饮水及人发硒含量的文献,按拟定标准共筛选出33篇文献并提取有效数据进行统计分析。结果显示,青藏高原大骨节病病区自然环境总体仍处于低硒循环状态,其中耕作土壤、饮水平均硒含量分别为0.147 mg·kg^-1和0.54 μg·L^-1,高原自产青稞、小麦、糌粑平均含硒量分别为9.27、19.08、11.07 μg·kg^-1;而病区儿童整体硒营养水平较1990年以前有明显升高趋势,发硒平均含量为0.234 mg·kg^-1,已基本脱离硒缺乏状态(<0.20 mg·kg^-1);外源性大米的硒含量为43.29 μg·kg^-1;病区儿童发硒水平与土壤总硒含量无明显相关关系(r=0.125,P>0.05,N=23)。青藏高原大骨节病流行区儿童发硒水平与自然环境硒水平不一致的变化趋势提示,随着社会人文因素的干预,外源性硒的输入有所增加,并在一定程度上降低了病区人群对当地低硒环境的依赖性,这可能是青藏高原大骨节病病情稳定下降并得到有效控制的主要原因。

Selenium levels in the environment,food, and human hair in Kashin-Beck Disease endemic areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

To investigate the current status of the distribution of selenium (Se) in the environment, food, and human body in the Kashin-Beck Disease (KBD) endemic areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, literature on Se contents in soil, food, drinking water, and human hair in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau KBD endemic areas published during 2000-2018 were searched and collected from databases including the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science (WoS), and Google Scholar. Based on a series of selection criteria, 33 of the retrieved articles were identified and valid data were extracted for statistical analysis. The results show that the natural environment in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau KBD endemic areas was still in low-Se cycle status. Average Se contents in cultivated soil and drinking water were 0.147 mg·kg^-1 and 0.54 μg·L^-1; average Se contents in local-produced highland barley, wheat, and tsamba and imported rice were 9.27, 19.08, 11.07, and 43.29 μg·kg^-1, respectively. Compared with the years before 1990, a clear increasing trend was observed in Se nutrition level of children in the KBD endemic areas. The average Se content in children's hair was 0.234 mg·kg^-1, which is basically above the low-Se range (< 0.20 mg·kg^-1). No significant correlation was observed between total soil Se and Se in children's hair (r=0.125, P>0.05, N=23). The inconsistent changing trend of Se levels between children's hair and the natural environment in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau KBD areas suggests that social and human interventions increased the input of exogenous Se, which weakened the dependence of local residents on the low-Se environment to some extent. This might be the main reason that the prevalence of KBD in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau declined steadily and was brought under effective control.