陇中黄土丘陵区农户收入对退耕还林(草)政策的响应——以龙滩小流域为例

退耕还林（草）政策的实施有效改善了陇中黄土丘陵区小流域生态环境、抑制了严重的水土流失，然而，对该区退耕还林（草）政策的实施和交通便利程度对小流域农户收入结构的耦合影响及互馈作用机制尚不清楚。本文选取定西市安定区巉口镇龙滩小流域为研究区，通过问卷调查获取3个区120个农户家庭土地利用情况、经营方式及收入数据，运用方差分析、回归分析和通径分析等方法定量分析交通便利程度和退耕还林比例对农户收入的影响与调控作用。结果表明：退耕还林比例影响了农田面积，进而影响了玉米和马铃薯的种植面积，由此增加了种植业收入，从而导致3个区低比例退耕还林农户收入均高于高比例退耕还林农户收入。同时退耕面积的增加也促使劳动力向非农产业的转移，而交通便利程度影响农户家庭打工人口比例，从而导致Ⅰ（交通便利）区农户的收入显著高于Ⅱ（交通欠发达）和Ⅲ（交通闭塞）区。交通便利程度和退耕还林比例通过农田面积、退耕还林地面积、玉米和马铃薯种植面积及打工人数等影响种植业、劳务输出和退耕还林政策性补助，进而影响流域内农户的收入水平。总之，退耕还林（草）政策的实施影响了陇中黄土丘陵区种植业和劳务输出产业的发展且存在区域差异，而对该区养殖业、林业及副业带动有限。因而，在新一轮退耕还林（草）政策实施之际，该区在加强交通等乡村基础条件建设的同时还需推动林下经济、特色养殖及副业发展，降低农户对种植业和退耕还林政策性补助的依赖，以此实现陇中黄土丘陵区生态和经济的可持续发展，提升农村绿色生产力。

Response of household income to Grain-for-Green Project in hilly region of Loess Plateau: a case study of Longtan watershed

The fragile ecological environment has been effectively improved, and serious water and soil erosion has been controlled since the implementation of Grain-for-Green Project in the hilly region of Gansu Loess Plateau. Meanwhile, the farmers are regarded as the direct participants of agricultural production and ecological environment protection. However, the interrelation between the implementation of Grain-for-Green Project, locational areas and farmers' income structure was not still explored. The data of 120 farmer households on family situation, land use, operation mode, and household income were obtained by questionnaire survey at Longtan watershed located Dingxi, Gansu province. The farmer households were classified as 3 areas, area Ⅰis the convenient traffic area, Ⅱ is the mid-convenience traffic area, and Ⅲ is the inconvenience traffic areas at Longtan watershed. Effect of traffic facilitation and higher (H) and lower (L) proportions of Grain-for-Green on household income was analyzed by using ANOVAs analysis, regression analysis and path analysis. The results show that the proportion of Grain-for-Green affects farmland areas, and then it affects the corn and potato areas and income. Eventually, it leads that the total farmers' income of lower (L) proportion of Grain-for-Green is higher than higher (H) proportion of Grain-for-Green. The implementation of Grain-for-Green makes the farmland decreasing, and the numbers of labor export increasing. The traffic facilitation effects the rate of labor export to total family number, then it leads to the farmers' income in area I is significantly higher than II and III. The degree of traffic facilitation and the proportion of Grain-for-Green affect the planting income, labor export income, and government subsidy through the following indices of farmland area, converted land area, planting areas of potato and corn, and the number of labor export. Then it affects the household income at the small watershed. In short, the implementation of Grain-for-Green has affected the development of planting industry and labor export industry, and there are regional differences. However, the effect of Grain-for-Green on breeding, forestry and sideline industry is limited in the hilly region of Gansu Loess Plateau. Therefore, the rural infrastructure construction, under forest economy, characteristic breeding and sideline should be developed to reduce the farmers' dependence on planting and Grain-for-Green subsidies in the new round of implement Grain-for-Green. This will help to realize the sustainable development on ecology and economy and improve the rural green productivity in the hilly region of Gansu Loess Plateau.