“一带一路”沿线贸易便利化发展格局研究

贸易便利化是“一带一路”贸易合作的关键环节,提高贸易便利化水平有利于促进区域内经济要素有序自由流动。论文从贸易便利化入手,基于已有文献回顾,构建包含29个指标的贸易便利化评价体系,分析2013—2017年“一带一路”沿线国家的贸易便利化发展态势和空间格局,并提出相关政策建议。研究结果显示：① 2013—2017年,沿线国家贸易便利化水平呈缓慢上升态势,蒙俄、中亚、中东欧、西亚增长较明显;② 沿线国家贸易便利化水平呈“东西高、中间低,北高南低”的空间格局,空间差异呈缩小态势;③ 二级指标与贸易便利化总指标的发展态势相对一致,电子商务、市场准入、海关环境、口岸设施等增长态势较明显;④ 综合发展高水平型、综合发展低水平型是沿线国家主要模式,通关成本与国际合作滞后型、内部贸易环境领先型、基础设施建设领先型分别成为东南亚、中东欧和中亚部分国家的重要发展模式。

Development pattern of trade facilitation of the countries along the Belt and Road

Trade facilitation plays an important role in the economic cooperation of the countries along the Belt and Road. Increasing the level of trade facilitation is conducive to promote the orderly and freely flow of economic factors in the region. Based on the perspective of trade facilitation and existing literature review, this study constructed an evaluation system of trade facilitation with 29 indicators, analyzed the development trend, spatial pattern, and development mode of trade facilitation in the countries along the Belt and Road from 2013 to 2017, and put forward some policy recommendations. The results show that: 1) Since 2013, the level of trade facilitation in the countries along the Belt and Road has been slowly rising, and the six subregions ranked from high to low according to the increase in trade facilitation levels are Mongolia and Russia, Central Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, West Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. 2) Trade facilitation level of the countries along the Belt and Road showed a spatial pattern of high in the east and west and low in the center, and high in the south and low in the north. And the spatial differences gradually narrowed. 3) The change of the second-level indicators was relatively consistent with the overall trade facilitation. China ranks high among the Belt and Road countries on the second-level indicators except business environment. 4) Trade facilitation can be divided into eight modes through k-means cluster analysis. "High level comprehensive development" and "Low level comprehensive development" were the main development modes of the countries along the Belt and Road. "Lagging behind in customs clearance costs and international cooperation", "Leading in domestic trading environment" and "Leading in infrastructure construction" have become important development modes for some countries in Southeast Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, and Central Asia.