| 摘 要： | The identification of poverty at the county level is the precondition for poverty alleviation by formulating accurate strategies that are targeted for a certain area. Yunnan Province has the largest number of poverty counties in China. The vast number of people living under the poverty-line,and the deep degree of poverty across a wide distribution range,pose major challenges. Based on the rural poverty incidence data,this paper describes the rural poverty patterns in Yunnan Province in 2010 and 2015,and then it explores the main factors which influence the incidence and changes in rural poverty at the county level in Yunnan Province using a stepwise regression analysis method. This study found that the rural poverty in counties of Yunnan Province was deeply affected by natural conditions and the geographical environment. In 2010 and 2015,the rural poverty situation in the middle region of Yunnan Province was relatively light,while it was more serious in the northwest,northeast and south regions. The pattern of county poverty is in good agreement with the topography and landforms of Yunnan Province and the poverty-stricken areas. There are strong correlations between the incidence of rural poverty in Yunnan Province with both the annual per capita net income of rural residents and the degree of agricultural mechanization. These factors are related to the living standards and agricultural production necessary for the peasantry to sustain their livelihood. The change in the incidence of rural poverty at the county level in Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2015 is significantly correlated with changes in the value-added of the primary industries and the degree of agricultural mechanization. These correlations indicate that the development of primary industry plays a key role in the process of lifting rural residents in Yunnan Province out of poverty so they can achieve prosperity. Therefore,improving the annual per capita net income of rural residents and the degree of agricultural mechanization for rural areas in Yunnan Province are still the main points for focused efforts. In the current phase of poverty alleviation,Yunnan Province should emphasize increasing rural residents' income and agricultural production and management in order to formulate effective policies and measures for poverty alleviation. 对县域农村贫困的认识是扶贫开发精准施策的基本前提。云南省是我国贫困县数量最多的省份,贫困人口多、分布范围广、贫困程度深、扶贫难度大。本文基于农村贫困发生率数据刻画了2010年和2015年云南省县域农村贫困格局,并运用逐步回归分析探索影响云南省县域层面农村贫困发生率及其变化的主要因素。研究发现,云南省县域农村贫困受自然条件和地理环境的影响颇深,2010年和2015年,在空间上均呈现出中部地区贫困程度较轻,西北、东北和南部地区贫困程度较深的整体格局,县域贫困格局与云南省地形地貌、集中连片特困区有较强的吻合性;云南省县域农村贫困发生率与农村居民年人均纯收入和农业机械化程度有较强相关性,这两个指标关系到农村居民生活水平和维持生计的农业生产情况;2010-2015年,云南省县域农村贫困发生率的变化与第一产业增加值和农业机械化程度显著相关,说明第一产业的发展在云南省县域农村居民脱贫致富的过程中起到关键作用。因此,对云南省农村地区而言,农民年人均纯收入以及农业生产水平的提高仍是其脱贫解困的主攻方向,云南省在脱贫攻坚阶段应重点围绕农民增收和农业生产经营两方面制定有效的扶贫政策措施。
|
