从29届地质大会看矿床地质学研究的进步

本文全面概括地介绍了第29届国际地质大会有关矿床地质学的进展和发展趋势,重点对海底热水成矿、浅成低温热液金矿和黑矿型矿床新模式作了详细介绍,此外也对成矿流体、矿床成因理论、矿床实验研究、矿床形成环境和演化规律,以及隐伏矿床的勘查方法等方面作了简要介绍。地幔流体研究和区域成矿学日益受到重视,一些新的基础理论,如化学动力学、表面化学、耗散结构、分形几何学以及非线性热力学和动力学等开始引用于矿床学研究。同位素地球化学方法在勘查中的应用有较明显的进展。矿床学研究的4个重要趋势是:1．向宏观发展:如地球历史中成矿作用的时空演化和成矿的大地构造背景;2．向微观深入:如同位素地球化学、成矿实验和水—岩作用机理的研究;3．成矿多来源、多成因和多阶段的研究;4．现代成矿作用与古老成矿作用的对比研究。

CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS OF ORE GEOLOGY-A REVIEW OF PAPERS ON MINERAL DEPOSITS PRESENTED AT 29TH INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL CONGRESS

This paper outlines the advances of ore geology seen from 29th International Geological Congress, with an emphasis on the development of seafloor hydrothermal mineralization, epithermal gold deposit and new model of Kuroko-type deposit. A brief review is also given to the ore-forming fluid, metallogenic theory, mineralized experiment, ore-forming environment and evolution, and new methods of exploration for concealed deposit. Much attention is now paid to the studies of mantle fluid and regional metallogeny. Some new basic theories, such as chemical dynamics, surface chemistry, dissipation texture, fractel geometry, non-linear thermodynamics and dynamics are beginning to be used in the studies of ore deposits. Isotopic geochemical method has been applied successfully in exploration. Significant tendencies can be identified in the studies of ore deposits in the four areas: 1. macroscopic studies, such as temporal and spatial evolution of metallogenesis in earth history and tectonic background of metallogenesis; 2. microcosmic studies; such as isotopic geochemistry, mineralized experiment and mechanism study of water-rock interaction; 3. the studies of multiple-genesis, multiple-stage and multiple-origin of mineralization; 4. the comparative studies of present and past ore-forming activities.