基于县域单元的中国生态经济系统协调度及空间演化

以中国2853 个县(市、旗、区)为研究单元,利用1980、1990、2000 和2012 年的中国县级行政单元GDP数据和全国1 km格网土地利用数据,通过计算生态系统服务价值(ESV)和GDP的变化率,构建生态经济系统协调度(EEH)模型,分析了EEH的空间演化特征,在此基础上借助空间统计Local Moran's I 和Getis-Ord G_i^* 指数评价EEH空间分布模式.结果表明:①自1980 年以来中国县级行政单元GDP持续快速增长,全国呈现东南沿海增长速度明显高于中部地区,而中部地区又明显高于西部地区的特征;②生态系统服务价值(ESV)在空间分布上表现为西部和北部地区较高,南部和中东部地区较低;③中国县域EEH 1980-2012 年间逐步得到改善,EEH空间关联度总体相对稳定,但空间格局分布不均衡.总体来看,确保生态经济系统的持续协调发展的任务依然十分艰巨.

Coordinated development of ecological-economic system and spatial evolution based on county unit in China

Based on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 1 km×1 km land use data of 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2012, 2853 counties or districts of China, the rates of change in ecological service value (ESV) and GDP were calculated. Spatial analysis were performed in ArcGIS to examine coordinated development of ecological-economic system and its spatial variation and temporal change. The results are as follows. (1) Since 1980, county level GDP growth in China has been very rapid. The rate of GDP growth in China's southeast coastal area is higher than that in the central part, followed by counties in western China. (2) The total ecological service value of China increased from 85302.15 billion yuan in 1980 to 94876.82 billion yuan in 2012, with a 11.22% increase. Spatially, county level ESV is higher in northern and western counties, and lower in eastern counties. (3) The coordination between economic development and quality of the ecological -environment (EEH) has gradually improved. At the county level, EEH in northern China is better than that in western China followed by central and eastern counties. But the sustainable development challenges of the ecological-economic system is still high. The degree of spatial correlation of EEH is relatively stable. The development trend of coordination between socioeconomic development and ecological environment tend to be positive, but ecological-economic system coordination in different counties varies significantly. The results of this study suggest that the regional economy of China's western counties should be further developed when efforts are made to protect the ecological environment of the region, while in China's central and eastern counties, greater attention should be paid to the protection of the ecological environment and ecological restoration, when the economy continues to grow. Achieving sound and fast economic development and maintaining ecological integrity is a balancing act that requires much greater effort.