自然与人类活动叠加影响下晋祠泉域岩溶地下水动态特征

为了查明山西省晋祠泉泉水断流、泉口水位下降及近年来泉口水位回升的原因，为泉水复流工作提供理论参考，以长系列气象、水文、开采量、泉流量、地下水位等资料为基础，在详细分析了晋祠泉域不同水动力分区年内、年际动态特征的基础上，从自然气候与人类活动两方面出发，阐述了不同历史时期晋祠泉域岩溶水位变化的影响因素。结果表明：1956-1994年，因20世纪80、90年代人工开采量达到历史高峰期，一度超过2.4 m³/s，且80年代以后我国北方干旱化发展趋势较为严重，晋祠泉水流量逐渐减小直至断流；1994-2008年，人工开采量虽有一定程度减少，但仍维持在2.0 m³/s左右，且恰逢连续枯水年，降水量、河流径流量较多年平均值分别减小了11%和27%，此阶段泉口水位快速下降至历史最低值；2008年以后进入相对丰水期，在采取多项措施减少泉域岩溶水开采量的同时，汾河二库蓄水水位逐步抬高，其对岩溶水的渗漏补给量在经历了约2 a的滞后期后到达泉域排泄区，晋祠泉口水位近年来逐步回升。

Dynamic Characteristics of Karst Groundwater in Jinci Spring Under Superimposed Influence of Natural and Human Activities

In order to find out the reasons for the cut-off of Jinci Spring in Shanxi and the decline and rise of the spring mouth water level in recent years, and provide theoretical reference for spring reflow work, the annual and inter-annual dynamic characteristics of different hydrodynamic zones in Jinci Spring were analyzed based on a long series of meteorological, hydrological, mining, spring discharge and groundwater level data. The influencing factors of the karst groundwater level change in Jinci Spring area in different historical periods were discussed from the aspects of natural climate and human activities. The result shows that:From 1956 to 1994, because the artificial mining volume reached the historical peak in the 1980s and 1990s(at one time exceeded 2.4 m³/s), and after the 1980s, the development trend of drought in Northern China became more serious, the water flow of Jinci Spring gradually decreased until it ceased to flow; From 1994 to 2008, although the amount of artificial mining decreased to a certain extent, it remained at about 2.0 m³/s and coincided with consecutive dry years the precipitation and river runoff decreased by 11% and 27% respectively compared with the multi-year average value,and at this period, the water level at the spring mouth rapidly decreased to the lowest value in history; Since 2008, it has entered a relatively wet period, through taking a number of measures to reduce the exploitation of karst water in the spring area, the water level of Fenhe Reservoir Ⅱhas gradually increased, and its leakage or recharge of karst water has reached the discharge area of the spring area after a lag of about 2 a, and the water level of the Jinci Spring mouth has gradually increased in recent years.