新疆高速公路强横风区间安全行车对策研究

 为达到提高强横风天气条件下高速公路不同类型汽车安全、高效行车的目的，采用工程气象学、流体力学、风监测技术、公路工程技术、空气动力学及概率论相结合的方法，以新疆“五横七纵”高速公路沿线100多个气象站近50 a（1961-2010年）大风日数资料,选取50个有自记记录气象站场次强风资料，以及沿线7个6要素5层梯度风1 a监测资料、10个铁塔梯度风和30个大风监测站近10 a（2001-2010年）监测资料，进行信息化和规范化整编。在大量详实资料基础上，对高速公路沿线最大瞬时风速的空间分布、垂直分布、水平分布进行系统分析和研究。采用三级区划指标体系，等概率分区原则, 将新疆高速公路沿线风害危险区划分为5个大区，Ⅰ特强重大危险区、Ⅱ 强重大危险区、Ⅲ 重大危险区、Ⅳ 中度危险区、Ⅴ 较轻危险区。提出了新疆高速公路强横风区间安全行车防护对策由风害防控信息管理技术和防风栅防护技术组成。并将风害防控信息管理技术规则中等概分区界限值（阈值）与现场强横风监测结果进行验证。研究结果表明：当瞬时风速＜12.0 m/s,不同类型车辆正常运行；12.0 m/s≤瞬时风速＜17.0 m/s，小客车停运，大货车限速60 km/h；17.0 m/s≤瞬时风速＜20.0 m/s，大货车停行；20.0 m/s≤速瞬时风速＜25.0 m/s，大客车、大卡车限速60 km/h以下；速瞬时风速≥25.0 m/s，大客车、大卡车停运。以概率风险不同级别的形式来反映最大瞬时风速在线路上的规律性，它含盖50 a最大风险。为高速公路汽车安全运行以及公路风害防控技术提供理论支撑。

Measures for safe driving at violent-wind section of Xinjiang Expressway

In order to improve driving safety and efficiency of different types of cars on expressway in violent wind weather conditions,a combined method was used of meteorology,fluid mechanics,wind monitoring technology,road engineering,aerodynamics and probability theory to carry out informatization and standardization integration,based on the recent 50 years(1961-2010) violent-wind days materials of more than 100 weather stations along Xinjiang "five vertical and seven horizontal" expressways and high-grade highways,choosing 50 years(1961-2010) average maximal wind speed and wind direction,maximal instantaneous wind speed and wind direction for 10 minutes violent-wind materials of 50 weather stations with their own record,1 year monitoring data of seven-"six elements"(temperature,humidity,wind direction,wind speed,precipitation,air pressure)and five-layer(0.15 m,0.5 m,2.0 m,3.0 m,4.0 m)gradient wind of more than seven elements,10 wind tower gradient and recent 10 years(2001-2010) monitoring data of 30 winds stations.On base of abundant and detailed materials,applying the meteorological model and the extremum Ⅰprobability model to calculate the different probability design values of 10 min average maximal wind speed in 1 km×1 km space gridding points along highway;through combining strong wind coefficient K1,of spatial distribution and highway,embankment height and bridge height speed-up coefficient K2 and power exponent K3 under different underlying surface features,set up a forecast model of different probability design values of maximal instantaneous wind speed in any 100 m×100 m space gridding points with 4m height from the ground;through a strong-wind rose diagram,determine the horizontal wind guard region along the highway.Its innovative point lies in that it can predict any maximal instantaneous wind speed beyond the wind monitoring points along the highway(a region without anemometer).The integrated data is combined with topography,roughness,embankment height,bridge height and other parameters of different expressway sections,establishing maximum wind speed spatial distribution,vertical distribution and horizontal distribution along the expressway.Based on above work,this paper used three-level regionalization index system and equal-probability partition theory to divide the wind damage zone along the expressway into 5 major areas,Ⅰmajor high risk area,Ⅱmajor strong risk area,III major risk area,Ⅳ risk area,Ⅴ low risk area.Based on above work,this paper made safe driving protection measures at Xinjiang Expressway Violent-wind Sections composed of early-warning monitoring technology and wind fence protection technology.And wind damage equal partition limiting value(threshold) from early-warning driving monitoring technology is verified with on-site violent-wind monitoring result.When instantaneous wind speed <12.0 m/s,different types of vehicles can run normally;12.0 ≤ instantaneous wind speed <17.0 m/s,minibuses outage,trucks at speed limit of 60 km/h;17.0 ≤ instantaneous wind speed <20.0 m/s,trucks outage;20.0 ≤ speed instantaneous wind speed <25.0 m/s,buses and trucks at speed limit of 60 km/h;instantaneous wind speed> 25.0 m/s,buses and trucks outage.It puts forward that measures for protecting safe driving in the horizontal region of highway consist of wind disaster prevention and control information management technology and windproof bar protection technology.It institutes wind disaster prevention and control management technology rule and pre-warn standard under the strong-wind weather in Xinjiang Highway in order to provide reasonable driving speed limit instruction.It uses the form of different levels of probability risks to reflect the discipline of the maximal instantaneous wind speed in the highway;and it covers maximal risks in recent 50 years.It provides theoretical support for safe driving of vehicles in highway and highway disaster prevention and control technology.