Experimental study of fluid transport processes in the matrix system of the European organic-rich shales: I. Scandinavian Alum Shale |
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| Institution: | 1. Energy and Mineral Resources Group (EMR), Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Lochnerstr. 4-20, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany;2. Wolfson Northern Carbon Reduction Laboratories (WNCRL), School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Drummond Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom;3. Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Science Laboratories, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom;4. Thermodynamics Department, Faculté Polytechnique de Mons, Université de Mons — UMONS, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium;5. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, P.O. Box 910, No. 20 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China;6. CSIRO Energy, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde NSW 2113, Australia;7. Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;8. Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin, USA |
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| Abstract: | This contribution presents results from a laboratory study investigating the fluid (gas/water) transport properties in the matrix system of the Scandinavian Alum Shale. The maturity of the organic matter of the shale samples ranged between 0.5 and 2.4% vitrinite reflectance (VRr). Gas (He, Ar, CH4) and water flow properties were determined at effective stresses ranging between 5 and 30 MPa and a temperature of 45 °C. The effects of different controlling factors/parameters on the fluid conductivity including permeating fluid, moisture content, anisotropy, heterogeneity, effective stress, pore pressure, and load cycling were analyzed and discussed. Pore volume measurements by helium expansion were conducted under controlled “in situ” effective stress conditions on a limited number of plugs drilled parallel and perpendicular to bedding.For Alum Shale the intrinsic permeability coefficients measured parallel and perpendicular to bedding (6·10−22–8·10−18 m2) were within the range previously reported for other shales and mudstones. Permeability coefficients were strongly dependent on permeating fluid, moisture content, anisotropy, effective stress and other sample-to-sample variations. The intrinsic/absolute permeabilities measured with helium were consistently, higher (up to five times) than those measured with argon and methane. Permeability coefficients (He, CH4) measured on a dry sample were up to six times higher than those measured on an “as-received” sample, depending on effective stress. The effect of moisture on measured permeability coefficients became more significant as effective stress increased. Permeability coefficients (He, CH4) measured parallel to bedding were up to more than one order of magnitude higher than those measured perpendicular to bedding. Parallel to bedding, all samples showed a nonlinear reduction in permeability with increasing effective stress (5–30 MPa). The stress dependence of permeability could be well described by an exponential relationship. |
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| Keywords: | Gas shale Alum Shale Permeability Porosity Effective stress |
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