茂兰喀斯特自然保护区聚落空间分布与演变特点

探讨自然保护区聚落空间分布与演变特点，对认识自然保护地区人地关系动态变化具有重要意义。本文采用1963年到2015年的高分辨率影像和地形图数据，研究了茂兰保护区聚落空间分布与动态演变。结果表明:（1）茂兰自然保护区的聚落集中分布在4个实验区，从1963年到2015年，实验区聚落一直呈增加趋势，2005年是聚落集聚程度经历了减弱再到增加过程的拐点；（2）在聚落规模增加的同时，聚落的功能也在发生着变化，形成了以旅游业为主的新型生态旅游型聚落；（3）保护区峰丛洼地中聚落面积与耕地面积二者呈显著的正相关，保护区聚落密度低、聚耕比小是保护区植被得以较完整保存的根本原因。研究结果有助于为查清茂兰自然保护地区人-地关系动态状况、为连片峰丛洼地区的人-地关系优化调控提供参考。 

Spatial distribution and evolution characteristics of settlement in Maolan nature reserve of karst area, Guizhou Province

To explore the characteristics of spatial distribution and evolution of settlement is of great significance to understand the man-environment dynamic in the Nature Reserve Area. In this paper, we studied the spatial distribution and dynamic evolution of settlements in the Maolan Reserve Area with data derived from the interpretation of high resolution imagery and topographic maps from the period of 1963 to 2015. The results showed that, (1) The settlement of the study area are mainly concentrated in 4 experimentation areas. Moreover, from 1963 to 2015, the size of settlement in the experimentation area had been increasing, and in 2005, the settlement agglomeration degree experienced a turning point from which it began to increase from the weakened process. (2) At the same time, the function of the settlement is changing with the increasing of settlement scale, and a new type of ecological tourism settlement is formed. (3) There is a significant positive correlation between the settlement area and the cultivated land area in the peak-cluster depression area of Maolan Reserve Area. The low density of settlements and the low ratio of settlement area to cultivated land area are the basic reasons for the existence of intact vegetation in the study area. The study results are useful to understand the dynamic relationship between human and the environment of Maolan Reserve Area, and provide a reference for the optimal regulation of man-land relationship in the contiguous peak-cluster depression area.