岩溶山区县级成熟型资源城市经济发展空间差异及演化——以四川省兴文县为例

以乡镇为基本单元,通过乡镇组别人均GDP差异、泰尔指数和分离系数探讨近10年来(2006-2015年)岩溶山区县级成熟型资源城市四川省兴文县经济发展空间差异及演化。结果表明:近10年来该县乡镇间人均GDP的绝对与相对差异、泰尔指数(由0.1088上升到0.1697,上升了55.97%)和乡镇组别间分离系数(由2.4041上升到2.8414)均持续上升,经济发展差异呈增大趋势。乡镇组别内经济差异比乡镇组别间差异大(对总体差异的平均贡献率分别为70.43%和29.51%),而乡镇组别间经济差异的上升幅度(76.21%)高于乡镇组别内的上升幅度(47.94%)。乡镇组别泰尔指数均值排序为:矿业组(0.2370)>工业组(0.0624)>旅游与矿业组(0.0581)>农业组(0.0108),工业、矿业和农业等乡镇组别的泰尔指数分别上升了193.13%、27.69%和20.18%,而旅游与矿业组则下降了30.95%。经济发展过度依赖资源、工业园区建设、宏观经济影响、旅游开发单一、农业整体滞后且不均衡等是该县经济发展空间差异及演化的主要原因。今后应实施多元产业综合发展、各类乡镇因地制宜实施差异化发展、注重经济发展与环境保护的协调统一等策略。

Spatial differences and evolution of economic development of county-level mature resource cities in karst mountainous region:A case study of Xingwen county,Sichuan Province

Xingwen county is located in the transition zone between Sichuan basin and Yunnan-Guizhou plateau. It covers an area of 1,373 km2 and has jurisdiction over 15 townships with a population of 484,000 and an urbanization rate of 33.19%. The terrain in the county gradually rises from north to south, and large areas of karst landforms occur in the middle and south. There are typical Xingwen-type karsts in Xingwen Stone Field World Geopark. Xingwen county belongs to matured resource-based city at county-level in karst mountainous area, which is dominated by coal, pyrite and limestone mines. Taking the villages and towns of the county as the basic unit, and the last 10 years (2006-2015) as the research period, 15 townships of Xingwen county which is a mountainous and matured resource-based city in karst region at a county level are divided into 4 township groups, namely mining group, tourism and mining group, agriculture group and industry group. The spatial differences and evolution of economic development during the last 10 years (2006-2015) in the county were discussed through analyzing per capita GDP, Theil Index, and separation coefficient. Results show that difference of per capita GDP, Theil Index (increased from 0.1088 to 0.1697, up to 55.97%), and the separation coefficient among villages and towns (the separation factor increased from 2.4041 to 2.8414) have been rising, with an economic spatial difference increasing in the county over the last 10 years. Economic differences in 4 township groups are larger than that among township groups (mean contribution rates for total difference are respectively 70.43% and 29.51%), but rising extent of economic difference among 4 township groups (76.21%) is higher than that in township groups (47.94%). Average Theil index sequence of township groups is as follows, mining group (0.2370)>industrial group (0.0624)> tourism and mining group (0.0581) > agricultural group (0.0108). The Theil Indices of industrial group, mining group and agricultural group increased by 193.13%, 27.69% and 20.18%, respectively, while that of tourism and mining group decreased by 30.95%. The main reasons for spatial difference and evolution of economic development in the county include, economic development being over reliance on resources, development of industrial townships being accelerated by establishment of industrial park, macro-economic effect on mining townships being obvious, double restrictions for tourism and mining townships concluding single exploitation of tourism resources and macro-economic effect on mining, economic development of agricultural township being overall lag and imbalance and so on. In order to promote industrial restructuring and regional coordinated development, these measures should be taken, such as implementing comprehensive development of diversified industries, carrying out differentiated development according to local conditions for the 4 township groups, and paying attention to coordination between economic development and environmental protection, and so on.