南海海上搜救困难性评价

为保障船舶海上航行安全，结合GIS与模糊层次分析法，从海上搜救的自然环境和人文搜救力量2个方面选取9个因子建立海上搜救困难性评价模型，对南海海上搜救困难性进行评价。结果表明：1）自然环境影响下，南海海域搜救困难性具有“V”字形分布的特点，由东北向西南难度等级逐渐降低。2）在人文搜救力量影响下，南海海域的搜救困难性整体呈“东北－西南条带式”，难度最大的区域主要位于南海东北―西南的连线上，呈不规则环状向连线两侧递减。3）综合两方面因素，南海部分岛屿周围搜救难度偏高，主要受台风等恶劣天气及远离搜救基地的影响，而远海海域搜救难度在整体上为“东北－西南递减式”空间分布格局，最高和较高的区域由研究区东北延伸至西南，然后向西北、东南两侧递减。总体而言，南海研究区中近21.1%的海域搜救难度≥7级，仍需加强对搜救力量的部署与建设。

Difficulty Assessment of Maritime Search and Rescue in the South China Sea

To ensure maritime search and rescue safety, this study combined a geographic information system and a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to map and evaluate the difficulties of maritime search and rescue in the South China Sea. To construct a maritime search and rescue difficulty index system, nine factors related to the natural environment and human power that may influence maritime search and rescue were selected, and difficulty indices were calculated according to the corresponding calculation method. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was then used to determine the weight of each index, and the linear weighting method was used to obtain the maritime search and rescue difficulty value of the South China Sea. The difficulty values were divided into 10 levels and the spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed. The results show that: 1) under the influence of the natural environment, the difficulty of search and rescue in the sea area of the South China Sea had the characteristics of a V-shaped distribution, and the difficulty level gradually decreased from northeast to southwest. 2) Under the influence of humanistic search and rescue forces, the overall difficulty of search and rescue in the study area was the "NE-SW belt" type. The area with high difficulty levels was mainly located on the line connecting the northeast to the southwest of the study area, and the difficulty decreased in an irregular circle on both sides of the connecting line. 3) Considering these two factors, the difficulty of search and rescue was relatively high around some islands in the South China Sea, because of the influence of severe weather events, such as typhoons, and their large distance from the search and rescue base. The difficulty values in the far seas have "NE-SW decreasing" spatial distribution pattern, with the highest values in the areas extending from the northeast to the southwest of the study area, then decreasing to the northwest and southeast. According to statistics, approximately 21.1% of the sea areas in the South China Sea have search and rescue difficulties greater than level 6, and the construction of search and rescue forces should be optimized accordingly.