旅游城市化背景下公交网络与旅游休闲业态格局的空间耦合——以云南丽江主城区为例

识别旅游城市化背景下城市公共交通网络与旅游休闲业态格局的空间耦合特征，对于优化旅游城市功能空间结构和实现城市可持续发展具有重要意义。以云南省丽江主城区为案例，运用复杂网络理论构建公交网络拓扑模型，利用多种空间数据分析手段，探究其公共交通网络中心性和旅游休闲业态格局各自的空间分布规律及二者的耦合特征。研究表明：1）公交网络中心性在空间上整体呈现以丽江古城为中心的“核心—边缘”十字型单核结构，市郊形成相对分散独立的块状结构，符合距离衰减规律。2）丽江主城区旅游休闲业态整体上形成块状聚集、南北轴向延伸、多中心集聚发展的空间分布格局，呈现以古镇景区为核心并带动周边旅游休闲产业发展的典型特征。3）旅游休闲业态与公交网络中心性呈现显著的空间正相关关系；受古镇旅游商业模式的影响，住宿与景点两类业态空间分布高度依赖古镇，设施资源的高度集中导致其与公交网络中心性耦合程度整体上要低于餐饮、购物、娱乐3类业态。4）局部空间耦合以高—高聚集与低—低聚集为主，古城及其周边是高—高聚集区的典型代表，该区域既是旅游休闲业态要素的重要承载空间，也成为城市公共交通网络的枢纽区域，反映了旅游城市化背景下公交资源配置的指向性。5）旅游休闲业态空间格局与城市公共交通网络的空间耦合关系是旅游城市化进程中要素集聚与功能外溢作用的结果，二者的相互作用规律正是旅游城市化作用下耦合子系统空间涌现性的体现。

Spatial Coupling of the Public Transport Network and the Tourism and Leisure Industry against the Background of Tourism Urbanization: A Case Study of Lijiang

Tourism urbanization produces a transfer and concentration of elements, which greatly promotes the reshaping of urban spatial patterns. As a concentrated expression of urban tourism elements, tourism and leisure business pattern is the main factor in shaping the spatial pattern of tourism cities, while the public transportation network structure is the product of the interaction between urban space and functional elements. The interaction influence law between them presents unique characteristics in space against the background of tourism urbanization. Therefore, to study the spatial correlation between the public transportation network and tourism and leisure industry patterns in the context of tourism urbanization, this study uses the main urban area of Lijiang as a case study, and introduces transportation network centrality as a key indicator to portray the accessibility of public transportation in the urban activity space and urban transportation location advantage. It constructs a comprehensive public transportation network centrality indicator by effectively integrating network polycentricity indicators and portrays the spatial pattern of the tourism industry based on urban POI data. It uses the spatial data analysis method to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and patterns of the public transportation network centrality and tourism and leisure business. Additionally, it employs the bivariate spatial autocorrelation model to analyze the spatial coupling between the two. First, the research shows that the centrality of the public transportation network shows a "core-edge," cross-shaped, mono-core structure centered on the ancient city of Lijiang, while the suburbs form a relatively scattered and independent block structure, consistent with the law of distance decay. Second, the tourism and leisure industry in Lijiang as a whole forms a spatial distribution pattern of block-like aggregation, north-south axial extension, and multi-center cluster development, showing the typical characteristics of the development of the surrounding tourism and leisure industry that is driven by the ancient town's scenic spot as the focal point. Third, the spatial distribution of the five operational types of tourism and leisure industries all show a significant positive spatial correlation with the centrality of the public transportation network, Meanwhile, the spatial distribution of the two types of industries—hotel accommodation and tourist attractions—is highly dependent on the ancient town under the influence of its tourism business model, and the high concentration of facilities and resources results in an overall lower degree of centrality of coupling with the public transport network than the other three types of industries: catering, shopping and entertainment. Fourth, the local spatial coupling pattern is dominated by high-high aggregation and low-low aggregation, while the ancient city and its surroundings typically represent the high-high aggregation area. This is not only an important bearing space for the tourism and leisure business elements, but also a hub of the urban public transportation network, which effectively explains the directionality of the public transportation resource allocation against the backdrop of tourism urbanization. Fifthly, the spatial coupling relationship between the spatial pattern of tourism and leisure industry and urban public transportation network is the result of the role of factor concentration and function spillover in the process of tourism urbanization, and the interaction law of the two is the reflection of the spatial emergence of the coupled subsystem under the role of tourism urbanization. Based on the two-way perspective of public transportation and tourism, this study conducts empirical research with a typical example of tourist cities, with the aim of deepening the understanding of tourist elements and the layout of the public transportation network in tourist cities. It reveals the spatial characteristics of tourist urbanization in the current development stage and provides an idea to realize a comprehensive urban service space of host-guest sharing for tourists and local residents. Additionally, this study offers a practical reference to promote a rational allocation of urban public transportation resources to realize the sustainable development of tourist cities.