企业社区居民地方认同变化及作用机理——以西北第一印染厂社区为例

地方认同是衡量人地情感、理解人与地方认知关系的重要概念，能够反映人地互动的复杂动态关系。企业社区作为重要的城市居住空间，理解居民地方认同对于科学开展城市社区更新、街区振兴与可持续发展具有重要意义。以西安市西北第一印染厂社区为例，采用扎根理论方法，分析社会环境变迁和社区重构影响下，居民个人身份与地方认同的变化及作用机理。研究发现：1）企业社区居民个人身份认同是从单位人向社会人，以及未来作为留守老年群体的转变。2）延续传承的集体记忆维系居民积极式认同，社会交往生疏化和社区管理社会化加剧地方认同弱化，破败的建筑环境和落后的配套设施带来消极式认同。3）居民在生活、成长的企业社区环境和社会互动中构建了自身及对地方的认同，随着外部社会环境与内部居民个体特征而变化。外部社会环境的国企改革、住房改革使企业转轨、社区社会空间转变，加以居住时间差异、个体特征、心理因素与个人经历变化等内部因素，共同塑造居民的地方认同及其变化过程。

Change and Mechanism of Place Identity of Residents in Enterprise Community: A Case Study on Community of Northwest First Printing and Dyeing Factory,Xi'an

"Place identity" is an important concept that measures personal place emotion and reflects the complicated dynamic relationship between personal identity and one's local environment. Enterprise communities (ECs) are a major type of gated, walled-off residential spaces. They were built and managed mostly by the state or collectively owned enterprises during the planning economy period, and many are still employed in urban China. Understanding the place identity of EC residents is of great significance for community renewal, neighborhood revitalization, and sustainable urban development. Using the Northwestern First Printing and Dyeing Factory community as a typical example, this paper uncovers the changes and mechanisms of personal place identity under the influence of social environment changes and community transformation using grounded theory, while discussing its policy implications. The main results are as follows: first, 13 open coding items, such as cognitive change of identity, reduced familiarity, weakened social interaction, and dilapidated housing construction were defined; further, four axial codings, including personal identity changes, emotional memory changes, identity change in social life, and physical environment identity, were set, and an analysis framework on the change of residents' place identity in the ECs (selective coding) was built. Second, the residents' personal awareness in ECs has changed from Danwei people in the era of planned economy to social people in the market economy period and to left-behind elderly groups in the future. Third, inherited collective memory maintains the residents' positive place identity. Alienation of social interaction and socialization of community management weaken place identity. The dilapidated material environment and backward support facilities cause the residents to experience negative identity. Fourth, residents build their own and local identity in the interaction between the EC environment and society that accompanies their life and growth, and the identity changes along with the variation of external social environment and internal individual characteristics. External factors such as state-owned enterprise reform and housing policies have led to enterprise transitions and changes in social space in the ECs, affecting residents' emotional experience and identity. Internal factors such as length of residence, individual characteristics, psychological factors, and individual experiences all have an effect on identity. These jointly shape the residents' place identity and can alter its processes. Finally, this work is helpful in providing insight into socialist work-unit communities for Chinese transformation and renewal, deepens the understanding of traditional residential space succession theory arising from residential suburbanization, residential segregation, inner-city renewal, gentrification, and polarization of living space, enriches the case types of place identity theory in view of the unique value and function of the ECs, and provides a reference to carry out the renewal of old communities more successfully.