炼锌废渣中重金属 Pb、Zn的矿物学特征

利用X射线衍射（XRD）和带能谱的电子显微镜（TEM／SEM）等方法研究土法炼锌固体废物的矿物组成，特别是重金属Pb和Zn的矿物学赋存特征。结果表明：固体废物是一种高度不均匀的复杂集合体。废渣主要是由石英、长石、碳酸盐矿物、铁质和铝质的非晶质玻璃以及少量风化次生矿物相组成。Pb在废渣中主要以金属Pb形式存在，或呈纳米金属Pb颗粒包裹或吸附于其它矿物表面及玻璃质集合体中。废渣中Zn的存在形式比Pb复杂得多，有硅锌矿、 锰硅锌矿、丝锌铝石等矿物存在形式，在其它矿物表面或玻璃质集体体中也能见到少量纳米级金属Zn。

THE MINERALOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAVY METALS(Pb, Zn) IN HISTORICAL Zn SMELTING WASTES

The mineralogy of historical Zn smelting wastes from three smelting sites in Guizhou Province were examined using X ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy (EDX). Slags were found to be highly heterogeneous materials, dominated by quartz, feldspar, carbonatite, iron or/and aluminum vitric compounds and a few secondary mineral phases, and their contents vary with the type of smelting wastes. Complex composition of many phases and substitution of elements suggested that many of the phases were found to be non stoichiometric compounds. Metal Pb was found to be the main Pb phase in the slags by precipitation or/and adsorption. The species Zn is more complex in the form of occurrence than Pb, and Zn bearing minerals include willemite, tephrowillemite and zinalsite, and occasionally metal Zn can be found in the slages.