中华绒螯蟹颤抖病组织病理学研究

采用常规石蜡切片技术、以正常样品作对照，对患颤抖病的中华绒整蟹不同组织进行病理学观察，旨在为颤抖病病原的确定及诊断等提供参考，同时期望加深对河蟹发病机制及死亡过程的认识。结果表明，患病河蟹的鳃、心脏、肝胰腺、腹节神经等组织器官发生了不同程度的病变，其病理特征主要表现为：细胞浊肿、变性、坏死，某些细胞的细胞核固缩、碎裂或崩解；结合前人的研究，推测鳃、心脏、肝胰腺、腹节神经是病原体感染河蟹的主要靶组织器官；河蟹具有重要生理功能的鳃、心脏、肝胰腺组织发生了严重病变，使其功能遭到破坏，这可能是导致河蟹发病死亡的病理学基础。

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON "APPENDAGE SHIVERING DISEASE" OF ERIOCHEIR SINENSIS

Appendage Shivering Disease" (ASD) was one of the most serious diseases of Eriocheir sinensis. It had spread in most cultural areas in China, and resulted in gigantic economic loss to the aquaculture industry of E. sinensis. A majority of research work on ASD was focused on its pathogeny, which was reported to be virus, Richettsia-like Organism, bacterium; and poisonous substance, but up to now unanimous recognition on this problem hadn't come into being. Furthermore, there was less study on the histopathology of ASD to understand the etiology of ASD and provide some clues to diagnose the disease in mitten crab E. sinensis, different tissues of diseased E. sinensis were observed systematically by means of routine paraffin-section technique, with normal individuals as control. The results showed that there were pathological changes in different degree in gills, heart, hepatopancreas, and nerves of diseased crabs, and the pathological characteristics mainly appeared as cells swelling, necrosis, karyopyknosis or karyorhexis. And these typical pathological characteristics clued on that the gills, heart, hepatopancreas, and nerves were supposed to be the major target organs of pathogens. There was certain corresponding relationship between clinic symptoms of diseased crabs and their histopathological changes, so these changes were presumed to be one of important characters of ASD. The gill of E.sinensis is very crucial to its gas change with outside, and the heart is mainly responsible for the circulation of haemolymph in the body; and the hepatopancreas can secrete many kinds of different enzymes, and be the site of the assimilation and reservation of hepatin, fat and calcium, thus these tissues possess important physiological function. Some serious pathological changes in gills, heart, and hepatopancreas must affect their physiological functions, which could be the major reason of the disease and the death of E. sinensis.