融合实时路况信息的北京市就医可达性分析

就医可达性是衡量区域医疗公平性的标准之一,为均衡医疗设施配置提供了理论依据。两步移动搜索法(2SFCA)是一种较为成熟的可达性计算方法,但仍存在研究最小基本单元尺度较大、供需点间时间估算忽略路网的通达性和实时路况等问题。本文利用高德地图获取依据实时路况规划最优驾车路线的时间,通过2SFCA评估北京市1 575个居民点在工作日的5个时段和4种出行时间阈值内到达208所医院的可达性。结果表明:北京市就医可达性空间分布不均衡,随搜索阈值的增大,分布形态由多峰值分布向以西城区和东城区为中心的环状扩散分布转换。时段分异特征显著,各时段可达性为一般及以上居民点比例由高至低依次为夜晚、中午、下午、早高峰、晚高峰。

An Analysis on Accessibility of Beijing Primary Care Using Real-time Traffic Information

Accessibility to Primary Care is one of the criteria to measure regional medical fairness. It provides a theoretical basis for balancing the configuration of medical facilities. Two Step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) is a mature method of analyzing spatial accessibility. However, there are still many problems, such as the inaccurate scale of the minimum basic unit, the ignorance of road network accessibility and real-time traffic information. In this paper, we used AMap to obtain the driving time of optimal routes based on real-time traffic, and evaluate the accessibility of 1 575 residential areas to 208 hospitals in five working day time periods and four time thresholds by 2SFCA in Beijing. The results show that spatial distribution of medical accessibility is uneven in Beijing. With the increase of the search threshold, the distribution pattern converts from multi-peak distribution to annular diffusion distribution centered on Xicheng District and Dongcheng District. The characteristics of time variation are significant, the proportions of residential areas with good medical accessibility are in the order of night, noon, afternoon, early morning peak and late evening peak from high to low.