基于地理信息的可持续发展目标(SDGs)量化评估

执行期为2016-2030年的联合国《2030年可持续发展议程》提出了17项可持续发展目标(Sustainability Development Goals,以下简称SDGs)。为切实做好其后续落实与评估措施,联合国提出了SDGs量化评估的总体思路,要求各成员国综合利用统计和地理信息,对本国可持续发展进程进行定量评估与分析,以发现存在的问题,提出改进措施。目前这项工作刚刚起步,评估指标体系尚待完善和本土化,基础数据的完善与更新任重道远,提取计算方法亟待开发或优化,远不能满足SDGs量化评估与持续监测的实践需要。我国是世界测绘大国,地理信息资源建设居于国际前列,现代通讯技术及基础设施遍及城乡,理应发挥大国作用,加快这方面的试点研究。这既可服务国家和各地可持续发展的实践,又可为国际社会做示范、出经验。此外,还应该加强这一领域的基础研究,以更好地指导SDGs量化评估与持续监测的技术研发与应用实践。

Quantitative Measurement and Monitoring Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with Geospatial Information

The United Nations 2030 Agenda with 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provides a new global policy to guide the way countries collectively manage and transform the social, economic and environmental dimensions of people, planet and prosperity through to at least 2030. In order to effectively implement these SDGs, each member state is requested to measure and monitor the progress of SDGs according to a global indicator framework and using both statistical and geospatial information. It will facilitate the finding of existing problems and the appropriate solutions. This has become a key task for many developed and developing countries as a number of technical challenges remain solved, such as the refinement and localization of the global indicator framework, the collection and integration statistical and geospatial data, and derivation of SDGs indicators from geospatial data. This paper has discussed the role of geospatial data in SDGs measurement and monitoring. Four major technical problems were then discussed, including the provision of "high quality, timely and reliable and accessible" geospatial information, spatialization or dis-aggregation of statistical information, automatic derivation and monitoring of SDGs indicators from big data, as well as knowledge representation of the quantitative assessment and their utilization in implementing SDGs. A road map was further suggested to advance the geospatial information-based SDGs measurement and monitoring in China, including conducting a pilot study in a selected county or province, formulating a national implements strategy, promoting multi-disciplinary cooperation and enhancing scientific and technical innovation in this area.