URBANIZATION AND ITS IMPACTS ON WATER ENVIRONMENT IN TUMEN RIVER BASIN

１INTRODUCTIONUrbanizationisaprocessthatallowspopulationandindustrytohighlyconcentrate．Itisinevitablethatthiskindofprocesswillhavedeepimpactsoneco－environment．TheTumenRiverisaninternationalwaterbody．ScopeoftheTumenRiverBasin（TRB）canbedefinedas（only

Urbanization and its impacts on water environment in tumen river basin

The trans-boundary scope of the Tume n River Basin(TRB)going through China,Russia and DPRK has been defined,and on the basis of this,status of urbanization and its impacts on water environment in recent 20years in TRB have been analyzed.Urbanizatio n in TRB can be characterized as:1)There is medium level of overall urbanization in TRB.Certain distance still exists compared with developed countries.And it is lower than the average urbanization level of Russia and higher than that o f China.2)There is unbalanced distribution of urbanization development in TRB.Urbanization in China part owns the c haracter of low starting point and hi gh-speed development.In Russia part,charac-ter of urbanization can be described as high starting point and stable development.In DPRK part,urbanizatio n level is low,and motive power lacks.3)Due to large population,in China part there is broader region urbanized,larger radius and higher frequency of human activities,which lead to heavier pressure on environment.Meanwhile,the paper has point-ed that impacts of urbanization on wa ter environment are as follows:1)Urban population growth and industr y develop-ment increase the demand for freshwa ter,and also exacerbate the contrad iction between limited water supply and increas-ing freshwater demand.2)Urban infrastructure doesn't match with urban productive function especially treatment facili-ties,which results in the pollution of the Tumen River.3)The pollution situation in the Tumen River got peak point in1995,and presently,such situation has been improved in great scale,due to effective interventions adopted.However,there still exist 2enterprises that are urgent to be harnessed.Moreover,pollution of municipal sewage will become more and more apparent.4)The influence of urbanization on soil is mainly caused by industrial effl uent and slag,and pollut-ed water irrigation.Soil and water l oss has also been a serious problem caused by urbanization.5)Urbanization results in the decrease of wetlands area.Fur thermore,the paper has given a brief account of the perspective and recom menda-tions on urbanization and environme ntal impacts.