《巴黎协定》实施细则评估与全球气候治理展望

《巴黎协定》在确立2020年后应对气候变化框架性制度安排的同时也给出了一系列留待解决的后续任务,包括制定《巴黎协定》实施细则,细化相应规则、制度和指南等。经过3年的谈判,2018年年底在卡托维兹举行的第24次缔约方会议对《巴黎协定》涉及的除市场机制外的众多议题做出了一揽子安排,建立了一系列指导和帮助各方在2020年后落实和履行《巴黎协定》的实施细则,为全面有效实施《巴黎协定》提供了更明确的指导。本研究致力对《巴黎协定》实施细则的内容和特点、对中国的潜在影响和要求、后续谈判走向以及中国的对策等进行全面深入的梳理和分析。评估发现,实施细则继续保持了《巴黎协定》的“精妙平衡”,严格恪守并充分体现了“自下而上”的《巴黎协定》模式,在为发展中国家保留一定灵活性的基础上统一了报告和审评的“度量衡”,并进一步明确了以五年为周期提高行动和支持力度的序贯决策机制。细则可能给中国引领全球气候治理和国内履约带来新的机遇和挑战。中国需要从观念认识、责任担当、业务协调上做好新的布局,根据国内外新趋势、新特点构建中国特色的气候治理新体系。

Evaluation on the Paris Agreement work program and prospects for global climate governance

The Paris Agreement laid the legal foundation for the global governance on climate change beyond 2020.However,a series of subsequent tasks,including the development of"Paris Rulebook"(Paris Agreement Work Program,PAWP),the refinement of the corresponding rules,systems and guidelines,etc.,has been mandated.After three years negotiation,the 24 th Conference of the Parties(COP24),held in Katowice at the end of 2018,adopted a package of rules and procedures on a number of issues such as mitigation,transparency,adaptation,finance,global stocktake,compliance and other Paris Agreement provisions excluding the rules for Article 6(market mechanism),produced a comprehensive rulebook fleshing out the operational details of the landmark Paris Agreement,and will provide clear guidance for the full and effective implementation of the Paris Agreement and promoting global low-emission and climate-resilience development pathways.This study is devoted to conducting comprehensively and in-depth analysis on the content and characteristics of the Paris rulebook,evaluating potential impacts and requirements on China,looking into the future trends of climate negotiation and providing suggestions on China’s potential countermeasures.Rulebook continues the"exquisite balance"of the Paris Agreement,strictly adheres to the"bottom-up"model of the Paris Agreement,harmonizes measuring,accounting and reporting standards with certain flexibility and further confirms the sequential decisionmaking mechanism for improving action and support in a five-year cycle.The study further identifies that the rulebook may bring new opportunities and challenges to China,especially on being torch bearer of global climate governance and domestic compliance of Paris Agreement.In this regard,China needs to make a new layout from the concept of understanding,responsibility,business exertion and coordination,and build a new system of climate governance according to the new trends and characteristics both at home and abroad.