晋城矿区不同类型老空水水质特征及演化机理

为分析不同类型老空水水质特征及开发利用潜力,采用统计分析、水质模糊综合评价、水文地球化学模拟等方法,针对晋东煤炭基地晋城矿区二叠系山西组3号煤层、石炭系太原组9号和15号煤层开采所形成的老空水水质特征及演化过程进行对比分析研究。结果表明:(1)二叠系山西组3号老空水水化学类型为HCO₃型和HCO₃·SO₄型,石炭系太原组9号老空水为HCO₃·SO₄型和SO₄·HCO₃型水,石炭系太原组15号老空水为SO₄型水。(2)二叠系山西组3号老空水Ⅱ、Ⅲ类水占比达75%,具有一定供水意义;而石炭系太原组9号老空水Ⅳ、Ⅴ类水占比为60%,超标组分较多,开发利用潜力不大;15号老空水均为劣Ⅴ类老空水,无开发利用意义,且需加以防治。(3)劣质老空水的形成与环境开放程度和煤系地层黄铁矿的含量密切相关,所处环境越开放,黄铁矿含量越大,老空水水质越差。所处环境封闭时,老空水水质仅与补给水源的水质有关,与黄铁矿含量大小基本无关。研究成果可为矿区老空水的开发利用及综合防治提供科学依据。

Water Quality Characteristics and Evolution Mechanisms of Different Types of Goaf Water in Jincheng Coal Mining Area

To identify the water quality characteristics and the potential of exploitation and utilization of different types of goaf water in Jincheng mining areas,the comprehensive analysis methods,including statistical analysis,water quality fuzzy assessment and hydrogeochemical simulation,were used to analyze the characteristics and evolution process of Permian Shanxi formation No.3 and the Carboniferous Taiyuan formation No.9 and No.15 goaf water in Jindong coal base.The results show that:(1)The goaf water hydrochemical types of Permian period No.3 are mainly HCO₃ and HCO₃·SO₄ type,Carboniferous period No.9 are mainly HCO₃·SO₄ and SO₄·HCO₃ type,and Carboniferous period No.15 are mainly SO₄ type.(2)The goaf water quality of Permian period No.3 is generally good,andⅡ~Ⅲclass goaf water accounted for 75%,which has a certain significance to water supply.TheⅣ~Ⅴclass goaf water of Carboniferous period No.9 accounted for 60%,and there are many exceeded components,so the potential of exploitation and utilization is poor.The goaf water of Carboniferous period No.15 are allⅤclass water,which belongs to inferior goaf water and has no exploitation and utilization potential,meanwhile some controlling measures need to be taken.(3)The goaf water quality is closely related to environmental openness and pyrite content.The more open the environment and the larger the pyrite content,the worse the goaf water quality.When the environment is closed,the goaf water quality is only related to the water quality of the recharge water source,and has nothing to do with the content of pyrite.The results would provide scientific advice for exploitation and utilization of goaf water and prevention of poor-quality goaf water site in mining area.