东北地区农业需水动态调控模型设计与应用

一个地区水量的充足与否直接影响该区农作物产量的高低。利用空间信息技术(RS和GIS)建立的东北地区农业需水动态调控模型,可服务于不同地区农业(农作物)的合理发展。文中以东北地区黑龙江、吉林、辽宁3省主要农作物及其分布现状为研究对象,依据区内水资源的供需平衡原理和水资源与农业的相互耦合关系,运用RS和GIS手段,进行了东北地区农业需水动态调控模型系统的概念设计。东北农业需水动态调控GIS不仅可以实现对现有数据查询、检索、修改和分析,还可对农业未来的发展做出预测,对未来20年内东北地区作物单产、作物耗水量、作物需水量以及作物产量变化等趋势做出评价。据此可为一些重大水利工程规划布局决策提供参考依据,从而实现东北地区农业稳定、快速的可持续发展。

Design and Application of Dynamic Regulation Model on Consumption of Agriculture-required Water in Northeast China

Quantity of water supply of an area will directly influence the production of crop yield. Based on the technique of remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS), dynamic regulation model on agriculture-required water of northeast China has been developed. This paper described the concept, structure and functions in the practical application of the model and put forward the design scheme of the integrated system on agriculture-required water regulation so as to guarantee the increase of crop output of studied area. This model includes three parts as followed: demanded-water model can estimate the total water requirement including water quantity of each kind of crop in different growth stages; water supply model can calculate available water resources; and system balance model can keep the balance between water demand and supply by regulating the usage of water resources. This system is designed for study of the relationship between usage of water and supply of agriculture-required water. It will be helpful for the plan and management of area-scaled irrigation project. For the stability and sustainable development of agriculture in northeast China, agriculture-consumed water and virtual food production of Heilongjiang, Jinlin and Liaoning provinces in 2002 were put into the dynamic regulation model on agriculture-required water, and it serves us beneficial suggestions on crop production in northeast China in future 20 years.