珠江河口滩涂湿地的问题及其保护研究

珠江河口滩涂湿地是河口淤泥质淤长型湿地，它的自然特性和生态特点为河口生物资源多样性提供了生存和繁衍增殖的基础条件。随着珠江流域经济社会的发展，珠江河口滩涂湿地面积不断减少，同时还面临各种不可忽视的危机和问题。现以珠江流域水土资源开发利用和管理保护的视角研究珠江河口湿地保护的基本措施，建议加大依法保护河口滩涂湿地，科学利用滩涂湿地岸线，合理划分滩涂湿地的功能，动态研究河口湿地生态的发展，进一步保护河口湿地自然生态和生物多样性，使人与滩涂湿地和谐相处。

Study on Protection of Mudflat Wetland in the Pearl River Estuary

The estuary of the Pearl River is one of the seven large river estuaries in China. There are 3 rivers converged, 8 river mouths and a network of waterways crisscrossed. The sediment continuously deposits and gradually develops and forms mudflat wetland in the estuary under the long-term action of river and marine dynamic forces. The mudflat wetland is an active ecological system. Its natural and ecological characteristics have provided a basic condition for essential existence and gradually increasing in quantity of biological resources diversification of the estuary. Along with the social and economic development in the Pearl River basin, the area of mudflat wetland in the estuary is continuously reduced. In addition, it also faces various unignored crisis and problems. It is shown that study on various unignored crisis and problems of mudflat wetland in the Pearl River Estuary with the viewing from the visual angle of development, utilization and protection of water and land resources in the whole Pearl River basin. In order to further protect the natural ecology and biodiversity of the wetland and make harmonized development and protection of people and mudflat wetland, improvement measures on protection for mudflat wetland are indicated as follows: Firstly, determine sustainable management tactics of taking protection as the main and developing appropriately. Secondly, put the management system of wetland in order, strengthen the protection and management of mudflat wetland according to law. Third, quickly work out and implement the comprehensive management plan of the estuary, rationally divide the functions of mudflat wetland, scientifically utilize the water front. Fourth, strengthen control and management of water pollution of the basin, prevent further deterioration of ecological environment of the estuary. In addition, establish a guaranteed mechanism of water use for ecological environment of the basin, reduce the adverse effects of water resources development. Moreover, adopt effective measures for the rehabilitation of ecological system of the wetland. Finally, establish a pilot area for wetland protection, strengthen the publicity and education on mudflat wetland protection to the public.