张掖市农户社会资本特征分析

社会资本作为影响可持续发展的重要因素之一，对国家或区域的社会经济发展具有重要作用。以张掖市为研究区，设计了社会资本的测量指标，利用入户调查资料，采用主成分分析法测算了张掖市的社会资本指数和该区农户的社会资本特征，并通过回归剖析了影响农户社会资本的因素。结果表明：（1）张掖市农户社会资本指数为4.93，其中，农户社会资本信任维度的发展水平最高，信息传播维度的发展水平最低；（2）影响信任维度的因素有户主受教育程度、农户财富差异；影响政治赋权维度的因素有户主受教育程度、户主年龄；影响网络维度的因素有户主受教育程度、家庭年收入和户主年龄；影响合作维度的因素有户主受教育程度、家庭年收入、户主年龄和农户财富差异；影响社会凝聚力维度的因素有户主受教育程度、户主年龄与农户财富差异，影响信息传播维度的因素有户主受教育程度、家庭年收入、以及农户财富差异。

Characteristic analysis of farmer household’ social capital in Zhangye City

The study of the social capital and its relationships with the development is a topical subject. As one of the important factors affecting the sustainable development，social capital plays a very important role in the social and economic development in a country or region. This paper takes Zhangye City，Gansu Province，China as the research area，in which it is famous for “The Silk Road”，and designs the measurement index of social capital．It uses the farmer households survey datas and principal component analysis method to calculate social capital index and then analyzes the social capital factors．Finally，the paper also analyzes the factors that are influencing the social capital. The results show as follows：（1）Social capital index in Zhangye City is 4.93. The trust and solidarity dimension maintain the highest development level，while the information dissemination dimension maintains the minimum development level. （2）There are hosts of differences in the influencing factors of different dimensions of the social capital．The factors influencing the trust dimension basically are the householders' educational level and the wealth differences. The factors influencing the political empowerment dimensions are the householders' educational level and the age of the head of the household. The factors influencing the network dimension are the householders' educational level、the average annual income and the age of the head of the household. The influencing factors of the cooperation dimensions are the householders' educational level、the average annual income and the age of the head of the household and the wealth differences. The influencing factors of the social cohesion dimension are the householders' educational level、the age of the head of the household and the wealth differences. However，the influencing factors of the information dissemination dimension are the householders' educational level、the average annual income and the wealth differences among the householders. （3） The stock of social capital can be improved increasingly. It is significant to strengthen the investment and construction of the trust dimension、develop the folk organizations to improve the ability of obtaining the information by the telephone、the internet、the TV and so on and continue to make the officials and the villagers committee serve the people heart and soul. Meanwhile，local government should increase the opportunity of employment with local conditions、strengthen infrastructure construction to improve the telephone and the internet coverage and held "science and technology culture month" activities to improve their education level.