超压释放及其对油气运移和聚集的意义

从增压作用和减压作用相互关系的角度，探讨了超压释放的定义－超压趋向于静水压力降低的作用，根据超压释放的结果，超压释放可分为不完全释压和完全释压，依突破压力封闭的动力，超压释放可分为主动释压和被动释压。有两类不同的成因的超压释放通道，分别是自振通道和它拓普通，超压释放的主要机制有断裂活动，水力压裂，底辟作用，渗透性岩层输导作用，渗透作用，剥蚀作用和人为作用。超压释放提供了油气运移的现实动力，开拓了油气运移的通道，促进了生烃作用，有利于超压系统内的油气成藏，影响油气的分布。超压释放分析为探讨超压与油气的运聚提供了有效的方法。

OVERPRESSURE RELIEF AND ITS IMPLICATION TO HYDROCARBON MIGRATION AND AC CUMULATION

On the basis of the relationships between pressuring and depressuring,overpressure relief was defined as the processes of decreasing the overpressures to hydrostatic pressures.According to the results of overpressure relief,complete and uncomplete overpressure relieves were divided.Active and passive overpressure relieves were recognized from the courses of overpressure relief.According to their forming regime,two genetic types of pathway are identified,namely idio development and xeno development pathways.The suggested mechanisms of overpressure relief include fault movement,hydraulic fracturing,diapirsm,sandstone conveying,osmosis,and degradation.Overpressure relieves may also occur artificially by producing oil,gas,and water from reservoirs subsurface formations.They may provide the practical driving forces for hydrocarbon migration,open up the migrating pathways,and promote the generation of hydrocarbons.They may also help pool forming in an overpressure system,and affect the distribution of petroleum.The analysis of overpressure relieves is an effective method for investigating the relationships between overpressure and petroleum.