采用Geodatabase技术构建流域水文系统地理数据库——以太湖地区西苕溪流域为例

如何表达流域复杂的系统结构是实现流域信息与模型集成,构建流域决策支持系统需要研究的首要问题.在分析现有流域数据库存在问题的基础上,以太湖流域西南部的西苕溪流域为研究区,采用面向对象的Geodatabase地理数据技术,通过分析流域系统的组成要素及过程,提出面向流域水文、水质应用需求的数据库信息组织体系;应用Arcgis的Archydro水文分析模块,基于国家基础地理数据库中的数字地形提取流域要素信息,构建了包括河流流线、集水区出水口、监测台站位置、湖库出口等要素的完整水文网络,并分析水文网络要素上下游关系,对流域集水区与河流的水力联系进行表达;通过分析流域监测台站空间信息、监测项目、时间序列的信息特征,设计Geodatabase的表结构和连接类,实现流域空间特征与状态序列的一体化表达,研究可以为流域数据库建设及流域决策支持系统信息平台构建提供一些技术参考.

Building Watershed Hydrographic Database by Geodatabase Data Model: A Case of Xitiaoxi Watershed in Taihu Basin

The watershed is a complex system with lots of components and relationships among them. How to design the watershed hydrographic database is the key to integrate the watershed information and the hydrographic model for watershed decision analysis. In china, the hydrographic information is mainly acquired from national geographic database and water resource database. Due to the service aims and database technology, there are some shortages for watershed management application. Firstly the database just collects the hydrographic information about flood control and water resource, and lack of water quality information. Secondly, the hydrographic information organized by map layer and lack of the information about relationship between different watershed component. Thirdly, the river network is lack of correct logic relationship, such as connection between river and water body, between river and station location. This paper, using geodatabase technology and Arc Hydro Data Model, designs a watershed database of Xitiaoxi watershed integrating hydrographic information for hydrologic and water quality analysis, and express the system structure and relationships among different components. The watershed boundary, river, outlet are acquired by analyzing DEM using Arc Hydro Toolset in Arcgis environment. The network is built by collecting the flow line, outlet of watershed and lake, monitoring station. The hydrologic relationship is built by Arc Hydro schematic network. In addition, the Time serials are integrated with watershed geodatabase by design tables and relate classes.