Seismic lateral earth pressure coefficients for c–φ soils by slip line method

In this paper, the author proposes a rotation of axes in the solution of slip line equations for determination of lateral earth pressure with the presence of seismic loading under general conditions. A general c–φ soil system under a general condition can be considered so that K_pγ, K_pc, K_pq, K_aγ, K_ac and K_aq can all be determined. For passive pressure, K_pc is found to be much greater than K_pγ and the effect of seismic coefficient on passive pressure is relatively small as compared with the corresponding situation for active pressure. The use of iterative analysis is found to be useful for passive pressure determination but unimportant for active pressure determination.