Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fingerprints in the Pichavaram mangrove–estuarine sediments,southeastern India |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre for Environmental Sciences, Central University of Bihar, Patna 800 014, India;2. Department of Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden;3. School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India;4. Great Lakes WATER Institute, School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA;1. Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA;2. The Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA;1. Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811, USA;2. Pennsylvania State University Behrend College, 7410 Cedar Avenue, Takoma Park, MD 20912, USA |
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| Abstract: | The sources and historical deposition of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in dated sediment cores from the Pichavaram mangrove–estuarine complex. The ΣPAH flux in mangrove and estuarine sediments was 0.064 ± 0.031 μg/cm2/yr and 0.043 ± 0.020 μg/cm2/yr, respectively. The PAH flux in sediments increased up-core, coinciding with rapid urbanization since the 1970s. The flux showed a decrease in recent years (since 1990), coinciding with less riverine discharge, and perhaps more effective implementation of environmental regulations. The sediments were dominated by low molecular weight PAHs, suggesting anthropogenic input. Ratios of specific PAH isomer pairs suggested a greater input of petrogenic vs. pyrogenic derived PAHs. Notably, the deposition of high molecular weight PAHs increase in mangrove surface sediments was due to lignite and firewood combustion. Because of their overall low concentration in sediments it is unlikely these PAHs pose an immediate ecological hazard. |
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