红河流域气温和蒸发量时空变化分析

使用研究区44个气象站1960-2000年的逐月20cm蒸发皿蒸发量、气温的实测资料，分析了红河流域气温和蒸发量的时空变化特征。结果表明：（1）红河流域年均气温呈上升的趋势，1960-2000年间年均气温上升了约0．52℃；其中20世纪60年代和70年代气温变化不大，80年代和90年代急剧上升；季节上以夏季上升趋势最为显著，气候倾向率为0．14℃／10a。（2）红河流域年均蒸发量呈下降的趋势，40年间下降了约45．52mm；其中60年代和70年代相差不大，80年代急剧下降，到90年代有所上升；季节上以春季和夏季下降趋势显著，气候倾向率分别为-1.63mm／10a和-7．63mm／10a。（3）年均气温和蒸发量变化的趋势具有明显的空间分布差异。全流域气温的气候倾向率在-0．21℃／10a-0．35℃／10a，主要的增温区域分布在李仙江和藤条江地区。蒸发量的气候倾向率在-48mm／10a～11mm／10a，蒸发量明显减少区域主要分布在李仙江下游的江城、元江流域的楚雄、元阳、河口和盘龙河流域的文山地区。

ANALYSIS ON SPATIO-TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION AND CHANGES OF TEMPERATURE AND EVAPORATION IN RED RIVER BASIN

Based on monthly observational data from 1960-2000a of 44 meteorological stations, near and in the Red River Basin, the spatio-temporal distribution and changes of temperature and pan evaporation were studied. The results showed that： （1） the trend of temperature changes in the studied area over the past 40 years increased, on average, increased about 0.52℃. This trend was more significant in summer （the change rate was 0.14℃ /10a） than that of other seasons. （2） In contrast, the trend of evaporation changes decreased, about 45.52mm reduced during the past 40 years. The significant decreasing trend of evaporation was found in spring and summer, the change rates were -1.63mm/10 and -7.63mm/10a respectively. （3） the change rate of temperature of Red River Basin was from -0.21℃ /10a to 0.35℃ /10a, and the evaporation was from -48mm/10a- 11mm/10a, The significant increasing trend of temperature distributed in Lixian and Tengtiao River, and the significant decreasing trend of evaporation distributed in lower reaches of Lixian River, upper and middle reaches of Yuan River, middle reaches of Panlong River.