塔克拉玛干沙漠公路固沙植物立地条件分区评价

 塔克拉玛干沙漠公路沿线气候恶劣、土壤和浅层地下水的含盐量高，沿线天然植被稀少，沙漠腹地仅发现12种能忍耐干旱和抗盐的植物种。经过科学试验，已经解决了沙漠腹地灌溉条件下固沙植物引种、选育和咸水灌溉等一系列人工绿地建设的技术难题，并且已经引种固沙植物50多种，建成沙漠公路固沙、基地绿化人工绿地43.3 hm2。沙漠人工植物栽培离不开灌溉。因此，主要从沿线土壤盐分状况，可利用水资源分布来评价植物固沙的立地条件。评价结果，在塔里木河近现代冲积平原有古河道淡水可以利用，昆仑山山前冲洪积扇普遍赋存可以利用的咸水。但全线可利用水资源的量不足以维持常规灌溉方式，必须采取节水灌溉，尽量节省资源，一些地方生物防沙要结合工程固沙,形成工程生物防沙体系，保证公路的畅通。

Evaluation on Dune Stabilization Plant Stand Condition along Takilamakan Desert Highway

Due to the extremely arid climate and high salt context in soil and underground water,the vegetation is very sparse and only 12 species of plants were found in the center of Tarim basin.In order to stabilize the mobile dunes along the Taklimakan highway by biologic method,the introduction and implantation of exotic plant have been tested and 50 species of plants have been successfully vegetated.Using the salt water irrigation technology,the human oasis of dune stabilization vegetation,covering 42.2 hm~(2),has been established.As the great special variety of the physical environment of plant growth requirement,it is very important to zone and evaluate soil salt content and potent groundwater.The results show that the freshwater reserved in paleo-riverway on alluvial plain and salt water reserved in alluvium and diluvium on the foot plain of Kunlun Mountains.As the available water resource is very limited,the water saving irrigation technology should be used to sustain the dune stabilizing vegetation and mechanic measures should be developed to protect the vegetation from mobile dune being buried in severe aeolian hazard sites.