工程活动与地质环境

文中阐述了工程活动与地质环境的依存关系，指出了地质工程和环境工程地质是工程地质发展的两个重要生长点。工程活动成功与否，不仅决定于人们对工程建设区的工程地质条件认识程度，而且更重要的是对工程建设区的地质环境质量的认识程度，提出了在进行工程地质条件勘察的同时，必须对建设区的地质环境质量进行评价和对工程竣工后运营期间在建成的工程活动作用下对地质环境改变趋势及结果进行预测，为预防地质环境恶化和塑造人地和谐的地质环境提供依据。为了认识地质环境特征和进行环境工程地质预测，作者提出了地质环境模型概念。根据地质结构及地质体赋存环境因素(活动断层、地应力、地下水、地表水等)，以及作者的实践经验，在文中概括列举了５大类１９种不良地质环境模型典型实例。

ENGINEERING ACTIVITIES AND GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS

The engineering construction, geological disaster-controlling and remaking geologic al environment are called as engineering activities in this paper. These activities are to obtain natural resourced for humen living or lifes, and control disasters. So engineering geology has being studied for safety and economic benefit of projects itself.In the past, engineering geology set up on the engineering geological investigation and conditions evaluation for safety and economic benefit of engineering activities. At present, geological engineering activities (geological disaster-controlling or geological environment-remakings focused on geological bodies have become more complicated with a series of greater project construction On the other hand, geological engineering has been a problem for synthetic effects of regional environment, instead o f an isolated engineering project Two important growing points of engineering geology have been showing itself, one of which is geological engineering, another isenvironmental engineering geology.The practical experiences demonstrate that a successful engineering construction depends on not only the right recognition of .engineering geological conditions but also the correct recognition of geological quality of engineering regional environment. To synchronize the survey of engineering geological conditions, the quality of geological environment has to be evaluated, and the developmental trends or results of geological environment after the project being complete has to be predicted'Prediction is a key work of engineering geological research. A behavior without prediction must be blind, which will result in, both conservatism or adventurism, a harmful consequence to mankind engineering activities. So, prediction is an importal content of environmental engineering geology' It is a prediction actually that studies the manmade engineering activities causing environmental changes' Without prediction,we can not understand the changing trends of environment caused by engineering activities, so as not to be able to foresee and remake engineering environments' The author proposed once a series of concept model for recognition and prediction of geological environments. The models of geological environment are made up to structures of geological body and its existing environmental factors, or conditional factors of engineering geology, which consist of geological structures, active faults, ground stress, groud water and earth surface water, et al. Based on the above factores, several geological environment models or be summarized' Although geological environmental models are various, the most significant one is unsatisfied geological environment models to endanger possibly engineering activities' According to abhor's experiences, five categories or nineteen kinds of unsatisfied geological environment are proposeed in this paper. The five categlories of unsatisfied geological environmentmodels are as follows: I the models of unsatisfied geological environment controlled by structural surface, ineompetent rock and soft interlayer;Ⅱ. the models of unsatisfied geological environment controlled by active fault;Ⅲ. the models of unsatisfied geological environment controlled by ground stress,including: 1) the models of geological environment in region of high ground stress, 2)the models of geological environment in region of low ground stress, 3) the models of geological environment in artificial unloading zone, and 4) the models of geological environment in artificial loading zone;Ⅳ. the models of unsatisfied geological environment controlled by ground water action;Ⅴ. the models of unsatisfied geological environment controlled by earth surface water action.These models of unsatisfied geological environment are based on valuable experiences, and the studies of them are greatly significant for prediction and evaluation of constructional quality of geological environment.