多民族共生村落农户居住空间“耦合魔方”研究

以洱源县郑家庄为例，运用“3S+PRA”与“耦合魔方”隐喻类比相结合的方法，对多民族共生村落农户居住空间多层次时空耦合特征演变机制进行分析。得出以下结果：①空间维度上，农户居住空间近程耦合逐渐趋向远程耦合，扩张调整适应“人-地”关系的改变，由分散、无序逐步形成集中、有序两横两纵的“井”字型分布格局；②时间维度上，农户居住空间以原驻民族远期耦合转变为原驻与外迁民族相互嵌套的远、近期耦合共存模式，依靠交通道路向四周延伸，各民族交叉式混居现象明显，扩张速度不断加快；③组织维度上，郑家庄以汉、白两族组内耦合向多民族组间耦合特征转变，居住空间在血缘组织关系“小聚居”的基础上形成以地缘和业缘组织关系为主的多民族“互嵌-共生”的分布格局；④表象维度上，农户居住空间演变以显性耦合逐渐趋向显、隐性耦合相互协调模式，要素间和子系统间直接或间接流动的“互嵌-共生”分布格局明显。可知，农户居住空间演变呈现与当地环境相协调的一致性，是在时间、空间、组织和表象上相互影响、相互交融的耦合过程，当环境改变时，农户居住空间也会做出一致性的变化。

Study on the "Coupling Rubik's Cube" in the living space of farmers in multi-ethnic symbiotic villages

The article takes Zhengjiazhuang, Wuyuan County as an example, and uses the combination of "3S+PRA" and "coupled Rubik's Cube" metaphor to compare the living space of farmers in multi-ethnic symbiotic villages. The evolution mechanism of hierarchical spatial-temporal coupling characteristics is analyzed.Results are as follows:①In the spatial dimension, the short-term coupling of peasant households' living space gradually moves towards remote coupling, expansion and adjustment to adapt to the change of the "people-land" relationship, and gradually form a centralized, orderly, two horizontal and two vertical "well" distribution pattern from scattered and disordered;②In the time dimension, the rural households' living space is transformed into the long-term and recent coupling coexistence mode of the original resident and the expatriate nationality, and the roads are extended to the surrounding areas and the northeast by the traffic roads. The mixed phenomenon is obvious, and the direction of expansion speed is accelerated;③In the organizational dimension, zhengjiazhuang changed from the coupling within Han and Bai ethnic groups to the coupling between multi-ethnic groups. The living space formed a multi-ethnic "mutual inlay symbiosis" distribution pattern based on the "small settlement" of blood relationship;④In the representational dimension, evolution of the living space of rural households in Zhengjiazhuang is characterized by the explicit coupling and the implicit coupling, and the "inter-integration-symbiosis" distribution pattern between the direct and indirect flows between elements and subsystems is obvious.It can be seen that evolution of the living space of farmers is consistent with local geographical environment and human environment.