2018年太湖国家湿地公园的价值溢出

价值溢出能够有效地明确湿地公园建设的增值结构,在衡量湿地公园建设价值的基础上,对于厘清各种要素之间的价值关系和改善湿地公园资源再配置具有重要的现实意义。运用成本-收益分析方法,从生态、经济和社会角度,构建湿地公园价值溢出体系,以太湖国家湿地公园为研究对象,估算出2018年太湖国家湿地公园的价值溢出。研究结果表明,①太湖国家湿地公园建设总成本为3 223.749万元,总收益为67 781.711万元,综合价值溢出为64 557.962万元,湿地公园每公顷投入14.016万元,能获得294.703万元的收益和280.687万元的价值溢出;②在太湖国家湿地公园中,生态层面的成本占总成本的比例最低,为10.19%,但是其收益和价值溢出占各自总值的比例最高,分别为43.10%和44.74%,生态管理、水文调节和生物多样性是影响生态价值溢出的重要因素;③经济层面的成本占总成本的比例最高达56.09%,但是其收益和价值溢出占各自总值的比例则处于较低水平,仅为13.89%和11.78%,其中管理成本和直接经济收益是影响经济价值溢出的关键因素;④社会层面的成本、收益和价值溢出占各自总值的比例都较高,分别为33.72%、43.01%和43.48%,广告宣传费用和娱乐休闲收益是影响湿地公园社会价值溢出的主要因素;⑤湿地公园存在较大的价值溢出,生态环境的改善和社会服务功能的提升增强了价值溢出效应,在经济层面,由于湿地公园可到达性相对较弱和湿地保护的特殊性,限制了经济价值溢出的发展。基于成本收益视角,综合考虑生态、经济和社会效益估算湿地公园价值溢出,提高了湿地公园建设成效研究的综合性和可操作性,以期为湿地公园管理的建设提供理论支持和方法借鉴。

Value Spillover of Taihu Lake National Wetland Park in 2018

Value spillover can effectively clarify the value-added structure of wetland park construction. On the basis of reducing wetland park construction cost, the study of value spillover has practical significance for clarifying the value relationship among various elements and improving the effectiveness of wetland park resource redistribution. Using cost-benefit analysis method, this paper constructed a value spillover framework of wetland parks from the ecological, economic and social perspectives, and took Taihu Lake National Wetland Park as the research object to estimate its value spillover in 2018. The results showed that the total construction cost of Taihu Lake National Wetland Park was 32.237 49 million yuan, and the total benefit was 677.817 11 million yuan. Thus, the value spillover was 645.579 62 million yuan. For every investment of 140 160 yuan per hectare on the Taihu Lake National Wetland Park, it generated 2.947 03 million yuan of benefit, and 2.806 87 million yuan of value spillover. For Taihu Lake National Wetland Park,the ecological aspect cost was the lowest portion of the total cost, i.e. 10.19%. But its benefit and value spillover were the highest portion of the total, i.e. 43.10% and 44.74% respectively. The important factors affecting ecological value spillover were ecological management, hydrological regulation and biodiversity.The cost of the economic aspect was as high as 56.09% of the total cost. But its benefits and value spillovers are smaller proportionally, accounting for only 13.89% and 11.78% respectively of the total value, of which management costs and direct economic benefits were the key factors affecting economic value spillovers.Costs, benefits and value spillovers of the social aspect were at a comparatively high level, accounting for33.72%, 43.01% and 43.48% respectively of the total value. The main factors that influence the social value spillover of the wetland park were the cost of advertisement and the income from entertainment and leisure activities. There were significant value spillovers in the wetland park. The improvement of ecological environment and the enhancement of social service function had enhanced the value spillover effect. Regarding the economic aspect, due to the relatively weak accessibility to the wetland park and the particularity of wetland protection, the development of economic value spillovers was limited. Based on the cost-benefit perspective,this study calculated the value spillover of the wetland park by considering the ecological, economic and social benefits comprehensively, which improved the comprehensiveness and operability of the research on the construction effect of the wetland park, in order to provide theoretical support and methodological reference for the management and construction of the wetland park.